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This resource is meant to put information about trauma informed practices into the hands of faculty and instructors. Please see the digital flyer for more information. The references below were used in the creation of the flyer. Special thank you to Cheryl Williamns-Hecksel, Apryl Pooley and the Mental Health Committee (JED) for support in creating this resource.
References for Trauma Informed Practice Digital Flyer 

Cusack SE, et al. (2019). Prevalence and predictors of PTSD among a college sample. J Am Coll Health. Feb-Mar;67(2):123-131. https://pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.proxy2.cl.msu.edu/29652647/
Read, J. P., Ouimette, P., White, J., Colder, C., & Farrow, S. (2011). Rates of DSM–IV–TR trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder among newly matriculated college students. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 3(2), 148–156. https://pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.proxy2.cl.msu.edu/25621098/ 
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. SAMHSA’s Concept of Trauma and Guidance for a Trauma-Informed Approach. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 14-4884. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2014. https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/d7/priv/sma14-4884.pdf 
https://istss.org/public-resources/trauma-basics/trauma-during-adulthood 
Morissette SB, et al. (2021). The effects of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms on educational functioning in student veterans. Psychol Serv. Feb;18(1):124-133. https://pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.proxy2.cl.msu.edu/31192672/ 
Boyraz G et al. (2016). Posttraumatic stress, effort regulation, and academic outcomes among college students: A longitudinal study. J Couns Psychol. Jul;63(4):475-86. https://pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.proxy2.cl.msu.edu/26214096/ 
https://educationnorthwest.org/sites/default/files/resources/trauma-informed-practices-postsecondary-508.pdf 
Racine N, Killam T, Madigan S. (2020). Trauma-Informed Care as a Universal Precaution: Beyond the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire. JAMA Pediatr. 174(1):5–6. https://jamanetwork-com.proxy2.cl.msu.edu/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2754104

How can a first-year writing course help to create 21st century STEM students with foundations for interdisciplinary inquiry? Could such as curriculum engage STEM students in knowledge production in ways that help to acculturate them as collaborative, ethical, and empathetic learners? Bringing together insights from writing pedagogy, work on critical science literacy, and science studies, this round-table is hosted by the collaborative team leading an effort to rethink the first year writing course required of all students at Lyman Briggs College, MSU's residential college for STEM students. A major goal of the curriculum redesign is to develop science studies-inspired writing assignments that foster reflective experiential learning about the nature of science. The purpose of this approach is not only to demonstrate the value of inquiry in science studies (history, philosophy, and sociology of science) to STEM students as they pursue their careers, but to foster diverse inclusion in science by demystifying key aspects of scientific culture and its hidden curriculum for membership. Following the guidance of critical pedagogy (e.g. bell hooks), we aim to use the context of first-year writing instruction as an opportunity for critical reflection and empowerment. The roundtable describes how the instructional team designed the first-year curriculum and adapted it to teaching online during the pandemic, and shares data on lessons learned by both the instructor team and our students. We invite participants to think with us as we continue to iteratively develop and assess the curriculum.To access a PDF version of the "Reimagining First-Year Writing for STEM Undergraduates as Inquiry-Based Learning in Science Studies" poster, click here. Description of Poster:
Reimagining First-Year Writing for STEM Undergraduates as Inquiry-Based Learning in Science Studies  
Marisa Brandt, HPS Lyman Briggs College & June Oh, English 
Project Overview: Reimagining LB 133 
Lyman Briggs College aims to provide a high quality science education to diverse students by teaching science in social, human, and global contexts. LB 133: Science & Culture fulfills the Tier 1 writing requirement for 80-85% of LBC students. Starting in F19, we implemented a new, collaboratively developed and taught cohort model of the LB 133 curriculum in order to take advantage of opportunity to foster a community of inquiry, inclusion, and curiosity.  
First year college writing and literacy courses aim to give students skills to communicate and evaluate information in their own fields and beyond. While teaching important writing skills, LB 133 focuses on developing students’ science literacy by encouraging them to enact a subject position of a socially engaged science professional in training. LB 133 was designed based on ideas of HPS. 
History, Philosophy, and Sociology (HPS) or “science studies” is an interdisciplinary field that studies science in context, often extended to include medicine, technology, and other sites of knowledge-production. LB 133 centers inquiry into relations of science and culture. One way HPS can help students succeed in STEM is by fostering inclusion. In LB 133, this occurs through demystifying scientific culture and hidden curriculum through authentic, project-based inquiry.  
Like WRAC 110, LB 133 is organized around five writing projects. Each project entails a method of inquiry into science as a social, human practice and teaches them to write first as a form of sense-making about their data. (Column 2) Then, students develop writing projects to communicate what they have learned to non-scientific audiences.  
Research Questions:  


How did their conceptions of science change?[Text Wrapping Break] 2. Did their writing improve?[Text Wrapping Break] 3. What did they see as the most important ideas and skills they would take from the course?[Text Wrapping Break] 4. Did they want more HPS at LBC?  


Data Collection:  
[Text Wrapping Break]1. Analysis of the beginning and end of course Personal Writing assessments. [Text Wrapping Break]2. End of term survey. [Text Wrapping Break]3. Answers to course reflection questions.  
Selected Results: See Column 3. 
Conclusions: The new model seems successful! Students reported finding 133 surprisingly enjoyable and educational, for many reasons. Many felt motivated to write about science specifically, saw communication as valuable scientific skill. Most felt their writing improved and learned more than anticipated. Most learned and valued key HPS concepts and wanted to learn more about diversity in scientific cultures, and wanted to continue HPS education in LBC to do so. 
Column 2 - Course Structure: Science & Culture 




Assessment 


Science Studies Content[Text Wrapping Break]Learning Goals 


Literacy & Writing Skills Learning Goals 




Part 1 - Cultures of Science 




Personal Writing 1: Personal Statement [STEM Ed Op-ed][Text Wrapping Break]Short form writing from scientific subject position.  


Reflect on evolving identity, role, and responsibilities in scientific culture.   


Diagnostic for answering questions, supporting a claim, providing evidence, structure, and clear writing. 




Scientific Sites Portfolio[Text Wrapping Break]Collaborative investigation of how a local lab produces knowledge.   


Understand scientific practice, reasoning, and communication in its diverse social, material, and cultural contexts. Demystify labs and humanize scientists. 


Making observational field notes. Reading scientific papers.  
Peer review. Claim, evidence, reasoning. Writing analytical essays based on observation.   




Part 2 - Science in Culture 




Unpacking a Fact Poster 
Partner project assessing validity of a public scientific claim. 


Understand the mediation of science and how to evaluate scientific claims. Identify popular conceptions of science and contrast these with scientists’ practices. 


Following sources upstream. Comparing sources.  
APA citation style.  
Visual display of info on a poster. 




Perspectives Portfolio[Text Wrapping Break]Collaborative investigation of a debate concerning science in Michigan. 


Identify and analyze how diverse stakeholders are included in and/or excluded from science. Recognize value of diverse perspective. 


Find, use, and correctly cite primary and scholarly secondary sources from different stakeholder perspectives. 
Learn communicating to a broader audience in an online platform. 




Personal Writing 2: Letter + PS Revision[Text Wrapping Break]Sharing a course takeaway with someone. 


Reflect again on evolving identity, role, and responsibilities in scientific culture.   


Final assessment of answering questions, supporting a claim, providing evidence, structure, and clear writing. 




Weekly Formative Assessments 




Discussion Activities Pre-meeting writing about the readings 


Reflect on prompted aspects of science and culture 


Writing as critical inquiry. 
Note-taking. 
Preparation for discussion. 




Curiosity Colloquium responses 
200 words reflecting on weekly speaker series 


Exposure to college, campus, and academic guests—including diverse science professionals— who share their curiosity and career story.  


Writing as reflection on presentations and their personal value. 
Some presenters share research and writing skills. 




Column 3 - Results  
Results from Personal Writing 
Fall 19: There were largely six themes the op-ed assignments discussed. Majority of students chose to talk about the value of science in terms of its ubiquity, problem-solving skills and critical thinking skills, and the way it prompts technological innovation. 
Fall 21: Students largely focused on 1. the nature of science as a product of human labor research embedded with many cultural issues, and 2. science as a communication and how scientists can gain public trust (e.g., transparency, collaboration, sharing failure.)  
F19 & S20 Selected Survey Results 
 108 students responding.The full report here.  


92.5% reported their overall college writing skills improved somewhat or a lot. 


76% reported their writing skills improved somewhat or a lot more than they expected. 


89% reported planning to say in LBC. 


Selected Course Reflection Comments 
The most impactful things students report learning at end of semester. 
Science and Culture: Quotes: “how scientific knowledge is produced” “science is inherently social” “how different perspectives . . . impact science” “writing is integral to the scientific community as a method of sharing and documenting scientific research and discoveries” 
Writing: Quotes: “a thesis must be specific and debatable” “claim, evidence, and reasoning” “it takes a long time to perfect.” Frequently mentioned skills: Thesis, research skill (citation, finding articles and proper sources), argument (evidence), structure and organization skills, writing as a (often long and arduous) process, using a mentor text, confidence. 
What do you want to learn more about after this course? 
“How culture(s) and science coexist, and . . . how different cultures view science” 
“Gender and minority disparities in STEM” “minority groups in science and how their cultures impact how they conduct science” “different cultures in science instead of just the United States” “how to write scientific essays”  
 

“I want to learn. I want to help.” We regularly hear this from students. How do we design environments that empower positive failures and spark innovation? We created Street Teams, student-run collaborations. We partner with nonprofits to solve challenges in media communication. Students have real-world learning experiences while giving back to the community.To access a PDF of the "Street Teams: Team Resilience on the Street" poster, click here.Description of the Poster 
STREET TEAMS: TEAM  RESILIENCE ON THE STREET 
solution-based learning and resilience 
Street Teams are student-run, creative collaborations. They partner with nonprofits and assist them with media projects. Teams learn while giving back to the community. 

COLLABORATION 

We are stronger together  

Teams consist of students from various majors, backgrounds and skillsets. Their collective diversity amplifies the work of the whole team.  


Strategic focus on group culture and dynamics  

First semester = team building 
Second semester = content creation 
In 2020-21, we did this all through Zoom!  


Holistic approach to solving challenges  

Projects are based on a combination of non-profit requests and student-driven assessment Together, they create sustainable solutions  




MULTI-LAYERED MENTORING 

Faculty mentor students 
Alumni give feedback on student work  
Nonprofit partner-related professional development opportunities 
Student leaders (Producers) mentor teammates 
Street Team Coordinator hosts weekly Producer meetings and trainings  
Teammates mentor each other 


 IMPACT 

Throughout our history: 

131 students involved*  
20 majors represented**  
37 nonprofits served  
550+ products delivered  *At least 1/3 of students return for more than one year **Some are dual majors  




QUOTE FROM A PARTICIPANT

"(Street Teams) make me feel like I belong to a place. Thank you ... for the opportunity you give all of us to connect with the community." - Manuel Pérez Salas 

Through different class communications, the presenter collected MSU international students' reflections on their study and life in the pandemic and tries to reveal a glimpse of their remote learning in global contexts through a documentary report. To many international students, studying in the pandemic was just like riding a roller coaster: a great expectation of study abroad at the beginning, then disappointment as it had been changed into online classes, and then excitement again with interesting findings on Zoom class. This, however, was often followed by mid-term exhaustion after a few weeks' struggle with study pressure and time differences. First, online classes offered great convenience and mobility. Many international students could now enjoy a nice family reunion while taking online classes. When attending Zoom lectures, many international students were nervous and worried about their English. Therefore, remote teaching of international students often requires much more patience and understanding.Many students also liked the self-paced learning offered by asynchronous classes. Still, many times the class would be reduced to a routine of watching class videos and finishing follow-up quizzes.In 2020, MSU collaborated with Fudan University in Shanghai to offer some local classes during the pandemic. Though students could only take online classes from Fudan, they still enjoyed some of the classes and different activities/events organized by MSU students' association. In this way, they got to know each other better and became more familiar with MSU courses and culture.To access a PDF of the "Global Spartan Stories: International Students in the Pandemic" poster, click here.Description of the Poster :
Global Spartan Stories: International Students in the Pandemic 
Xinqiang Li 
Writing, Rhetoric and American Cultures 
Why MSU 
“My father studied at MSU 30 years ago. And surprisingly I’ve been assigned to the same dormitory building as my father’s!” – a student from Korea 
“I have many friends studying here and dreamed one day I could see the beautiful snow at MSU. Because of the recent chaos, my parents worried about my future study in the US and tried to persuade me to transfer to Singapore, but I eventually chose MSU for its higher quality of education.”  – a student from China 
“My older brother studied at MSU and he suggested me apply to this school. He gave me a lot of advice on how to apply for scholarship (from my country) for studying abroad.” – a student from UAE 
“I attended high school here in Michigan and really enjoyed the football games at MSU. Actually, it was my American host mother who drove me to campus when I moved in, as she was concerned about my safety in the pandemic.” – a student from China 
Taking online classes  
Zoom in – Classes on Zoom 
First contact – in English  
For the very first time Hua (pseudonym) clicked into Zoom class, rehearsing in her mind the self-introduction she previously wrote: “My name is…”.  To many international students like Hua, this was their first time to take overseas class online. They were nervous, worried about their English expression and often kept silent until the teacher asked them to answer questions. Luckily, many times the instructors showed patience and understanding to such situation and tried to accommodate the international students in the online space. 
Breakout room and groupwork 
Groupwork might sometimes be a challenge, too. Coming from different cultural and educational background, many international students might still need time to adapt to different groupwork. There were inspiring conversations in Zoom Breakout rooms, but there were also awkward 15 minutes of silence before the instructor pulled them back to the main room.   
On the other hand, there were happy collaborations in online class. International students often found their American classmates “friendly” and “helpful”, offering to input discussion summaries on Google doc. and never hesitating to shout out “Good job!” when their international partners finished their presentations. This was one of the sweetest cultural experiences the international students had enjoyed, even in an online space.   
Camera on and off 
One of the advantages of Zoom class at MSU is students were allowed to turn off their camera during the class. Such flexibility added more home comfort to the “learning-at-home” format and enhanced the learning effects. More importantly, this way international students would suffer less language difficulties and Zoom fatigue, and concentrate more on the instructor’s English speech. This actually provided one special advantage which could hardly be achieved in a traditional classroom. Admittedly, this might sometimes lead to abuse of the freedom, with students swiping cell phone or sleeping behind the camera. Still, it turned out there were few students drifting away from my class behind the black screens, and I was fine with students taking class in pajamas or drinking coffee behind the camera, if only this could make themselves at home and help to improve their learning.    
Zoom inspiration and fatigueThe exciting moment on Zoom was when students from countries, despite the time difference, insisted on participating in the class and sharing their cultures, exchanging different perspectives and building constructive relationship online.  
“Every class having a similar format, such as sharing a power-point presentation, and lecturing on the side, has gotten to be quite tiring. From hearing and looking at the same thing every day, I have lost interest in a lot of my classes.”
Zoom out - online classes in general 
To many international students, studying in the pandemic was just like riding a roller coaster: a great expectation when getting admitted to MSU, then disappointment as it switched to online class, and then the excitement came back when they met people from different countries online while enjoying home comfort.  This, however, was often followed by a mid-term burnout after a few weeks’ struggle with study pressure and time differences.  
“After a few weeks, my enthusiasm waned and didn’t care about my class anymore. Since the class was recorded, I can always watch the recordings. That gave me an excuse for not paying attention to the class.” 
Time difference 
“Due to different time zones, I start my first class at 10 pm. If I have a class at 4 AM, I try to sleep 2 or 3 hours before the first-class starts. I usually set an alarm 15 minutes before the class starts. Waking up, I take some water, and this helps me to stay awake at 4 AM and concentrate on the class.”  
“At 3am I woke up all of a sudden, and sadly found I’ve missed the CAS 110 class at 12 am. Then, I fell asleep again…” 
Time difference posed many challenges to international students. Luckily, most classes offered the advantage of having class sessions recorded, which is “a useful resource for all students, not just those attending asynchronously” (Gannon). On the other hand, there were also many enthusiastic international students who expected and enjoyed the intimacy of the overseas class and insisted on participating in the synchronous lectures (instead of watching the class recordings) even when it was 3, 4am in their home countries. 
Bonuses of online class 
Online class offered more convenience and mobility. Now students didn’t have to get up early and wait for the bus in the cold winter morning. Even though they sometimes had to take class late at night, they could at least enjoy the delicious midnight snacks made by their moms. Despite the inconveniences of class time, they could now celebrate different festivals with their families, which was unimaginable when they studied in the US. 
“In order to celebrate the Spring Festival with my family, I tried to finish all my homework on New Year’s Eve. Even though I had to leave the dinner party earlier for another online class, I was excited when hearing my American professor greet us with “Happy New Year” in the class.” In the meantime, their friends staying at MSU admired their photos of family reunion and festival celebration. These friends, however, had their own way of celebration, enjoying the spacious hall of the dormitory building, and sometimes cooking together with friends. When they missed home, their moms were always available on video chat asking about their life in the US. 
The Fudan program  
In 2020, MSU collaborated with different partner schools around the world to offer more classes during the pandemic. The collaboration with Fudan University in Shanghai was one of the major programs. Fudan is a well-known university in China (“it’s just like Stanford University in China”, as one student said) and Shanghai is such a vibrant cosmopolitan city. Therefore, this program had attracted many Chinese students. However, it was a pity that they could not visit the campus of Fudan as the program offered only online classes. Despite the disadvantages, many students still enjoyed some classes, and they could speak Chinese freely in the class, which was an added bonus. Even in Shanghai the MSU students could still participate in different activities/events organized by MSU students’ association, and in this way, they got to know each other better and became more familiar with MSU courses and culture.  
Acknowledgments  
Thank WRA 1004 classes for their contribution. All the materials come from in-class discussions and writing practices.  
References  
Gannon, K. (2020, October 26). Advice: Our hyflex experiment: What's worked and what hasn’t.  
MSU Alumni Office (2021, April 28). Global Day of Service, Spartans Will! 

This week, we are featuring Micaela Flores, Outreach and Retention Specialist, within the College of Veterinary Medicine at MSU. Micaela was recognized via iteach.msu.edu's Thank and Educator Initiative! We encourage MSU community members to nominate high-impact Spartan educators (via our Thank an Educator initiative) regularly!
Read more about Micaela perspectives below. #iteachmsu's questions are bolded below, followed by their responses! 

You were recognized via the Thank an Educator Initiative. In one word, what does being an educator mean to you?  
Responsive
Share with me what this word/quality looks like in your practice?
My role is divided between undergraduate advising and youth outreach programming for traditionally underserved students. When I advise students, I am not only focused on imparting the knowledge and information they need to complete a task or prepare for an opportunity, I focus on where the student is in terms of their familiarity with the systems, departments, or tasks they need to navigate. I listen to their concerns and take my time to understand the things that are important to them and I make sure they leave with a thorough understanding of where they are and what they need to do next. Similarly, when coordinating youth programs, I assess the audience or participants' needs, their existing knowledge and skill levels as well as the needs and desires of the agency requesting the collaboration in effort to create programs and events responsive to the groups’ unique needs.
Have your ideas on this changed over time? if so how?
If I was asked what the role of an educator was as a recent college graduate and high school college adviser, I would have responded with something along the lines of, educators impart knowledge and share information relevant to their educational role. I now understand the importance of meeting students where they are and tailoring my approach or method to fit the needs of the students’ I work with. A one size fits all approach does not work when one’s goal is to provide equitable programs and services.
Tell me more about your educational “setting.” This can include, but not limited to departmental affiliations, community connections, co-instructors, and students. (Aka, where do you work?)
I am a member of the Diversity, Equity and Inclusion team in the College of Veterinary Medicine, Office of Admissions, Student Life, and Inclusivity. My work is entirely grant funded through the State of Michigan Department of Labor and Economic Opportunity King-Chavez-Parks Initiative for students from underserved backgrounds both financially and academically. I provide academic advising for undergraduate pre-veterinary and veterinary-nursing students as they work towards application and admission to the Veterinary Nursing and Doctor of Veterinary Medicine programs. I also work with youth from our target locations which include Detroit, and Lansing. I have also partnered with groups from Flint and Grand Rapids.CVM, MSU & Community connections:

MSU GEAR UP
MSU GATE Guppy
MSU Latinx Student Success Committee
MSU Assessment and Metrics Working Group
MSU Pre-College Committee
MSU CANR, Pathfinders, AIMS and AIMS-B
MSU Admissions, Dia de La Familia, African American Family Day
MSU CVM Enrichment Summer Program
MSU Office of Cultural and Academic Transitions
MSU Collaborative Learning Center
MSU Student Groups – ASMSU, MSU Preveterinary Club, Delta Tau Lambda Sorority Incorporated.
MSU Dia de La Mujer Conference
MSU New Student Orientation
Michigan Humane (former Michigan Humane Society)
Capital Area College Access Network – CapCan Launch Your Dream Conference
Detroit International Academy for Young Women
Clinton County RESA Career Expo
Flint Area and Capital Area Michigan Career Quest Fairs
Michigan Veterinary Conference
The Fledge – Lansing
Detroit Horsepower

What is a challenge you experience in your educator role?
Time is the biggest challenge. When I began practicing inclusive and responsive pedagogical methods, the amount of time I spent in advising appointments increased significantly. I regularly went over my 30 minute time slots. Now that I am familiar with responsive strategies, appointments are not as long. While time is a challenge it is important to embrace new practices and allow time to learn and adjust.
Any particular “solutions” or “best practices” you’ve found that help you support student success at the university despite/in the face of this? 
As an educator, it is important for me to know my students feel heard and leave with a comprehensive understanding of what was discussed. I have found the technology we have at our fingertips can be leveraged to provide facilitation strategies inclusive of all learners. For example, I always share my screen or seat my students in an area where they can see what I am doing or looking for, I follow up with an email summarizing our discussion, and/or I invite the student to follow up with me via email or by scheduling another appointment with me if we run out of time.
What are practices you utilize that help you feel successful as an educator?
In addition to the best practices listed above, I have created event planning templates to ensure I do not miss or forget critical information. I like to set reminders on my calendar to follow up with students who may be struggling academically as well as reading ESAE reports and following up with students to either congratulate them for their progress or intervene if they are not doing well. This enables me to practice proactive and intrusive advising strategies.
I feel most successful as an educator when I receive positive feedback or sentiments of gratitude from my students, when I see a student who was placed on probation return to good academic standing, or when a student I have advised, supervised, and/or written a letter of recommendation for is admitted to veterinary school.
What topics or ideas about teaching and learning would you like to see discussed on the iteach.msu.edu platform? Why do you think this conversation is needed at msu?
I would like to see more information relevant to equitable practices to improve the ways in which we teach diverse students in our courses as well as ways to enhance the programs and services we offer. Practicing culturally inclusive or responsive pedagogy seems difficult on the surface or when the concepts are new, but there are simple changes we can embrace that make a world of difference to our students. I would like to learn more from educators who are also doing this work.
What are you looking forward to (or excited to be a part of) next semester?
Next semester, I will continue to make progress towards the Higher, Adult, and Lifelong Education, M.A. program which is where I have picked up inclusive and responsive strategies for teaching and learning. I am excited to continue to learn and improve my educational practice to help my students succeed in higher education.

Don't forget to celebrate individuals you see making a difference in teaching, learning, or student success at MSU with #iteachmsu's Thank an Educator initiative. You might just see them appear in the next feature! 

This week, we are featuring Breana Yaklin, a Learning Experience Designer in the Broad College of Business.  Breana was recognized via iteach.msu.edu's Thank and Educator Initiative! We encourage MSU community members to nominate high-impact Spartan educators (via our Thank an Educator form) regularly!
Read more about Breana’s perspectives below. #iteachmsu's questions are bolded below, followed by their responses!

You were recognized via the Thank an Educator Initiative. In one word, what does being an educator mean to you? 
Learning
Share with me what this word/quality looks like in your practice?
As an educator, I’m focused on teaching and learning, and I try to stay more focused on the learner and what their needs are. Being an educator also means that I’m constantly learning from others who are experts in the field or who share their experiences
Tell me more about your educational “setting.” This can include, but not limited to departmental affiliations, community connections, co-instructors, and students. (Aka, where do you work?)
I currently work for Broad College of Business at Michigan State University. I’m a Learning Experience Designer in the Learning Technology and Design department. My work right now is focused on supporting the EMBA Flex program, which includes both on-campus live synchronous sessions and online asynchronous learning. I work with the faculty teaching the program to help them design their courses and think through the best ways to teach in a flexible format, and how to take advantage of the on-campus sessions and the asynchronous learning. As a Learning Experience Designer, I have to focus on (1) the student needs as an end-goal, and (2) the faculty needs, as they are the ones I’m working with directly.
What is a challenge you experience in your educator role?
A challenge I frequently encounter is one that I think everyone sees in their work as an educator: time. The faculty I work with to develop their courses are pressed for time and have to balance multiple priorities, and sometimes the course I’m consulting on gets pushed back as a priority because they don’t have the time to dedicate to it. I know that many of our students also have to balance multiple priorities. For the program I’m currently working on, we know that these students are working full time and often have families and related time constraints.
Any particular “solutions” or “best practices” you’ve found that help you support student success at the university despite/in the face of this?
Good course design and development takes time, as does investing in learning. If possible, I try to encourage leadership to support faculty time allocations toward course design and development. I also try to focus on making the best use of time during the course design and development process, for both faculty and students. How can I support this faculty member to use their time effectively towards designing and developing their course? I try to find resources, or create tools or templates to make the process easier or more efficient. How can I encourage the course design and development to take into account student time limitations? I discuss setting priorities and learning expectations with faculty, and how to best make use of the live in-class time and how to be flexible with the asynchronous time.
What are practices you utilize that help you feel successful as an educator?
I listen and learn from others. I’m somewhat new to my current setting in Broad, but I’ve been at MSU for 6 years, and I have a network of colleagues across campus who I learn from. I’ve also worked on learning from others outside of MSU, at my previous institution (Baker College), and by networking at conferences and with colleagues on Twitter. I learn a lot from listening to others about their experiences, their work, and their research, and I add it all to my repertoire as an educator. 
What topics or ideas about teaching and learning would you like to see discussed on the iteach.msu.edu platform? Why do you think this conversation is needed at msu? 
I’d like to see more discussion around online and hybrid teaching and learning, specifically, the existing research and practices around good online and hybrid (or blended or flex) teaching and learning and how we can continue to improve the online learning experience. This obviously has been a huge focus for the past year due to COVID, so it might seem like it has already been addressed. However, a lot of the work over the past year was fast and reactive (by necessity), and prior to COVID there has been years of work researching what good teaching and learning can and should look like online. I think education will be permanently changed (if it hasn’t already) by what happened over the past year, and I think we should be prepared for more online and hybrid education to be more flexible and meet the needs of our students and our educators.
What are you looking forward to (or excited to be a part of) next semester?
I’m looking forward to debriefing with the first round of faculty I worked with on the EMBA Flex program. I’m excited to learn how their courses went as they taught them for the first time in this new format, what lessons they learned, how the students responded, and what we can do to continue to improve the courses for the next time. I’m hoping to speak with some students in the program to hear directly from them on what’s working and what could be improved upon to create a better learning experience. 
I’m also excited to share that I’ll be working with Dr. Melissa Hortman, Director of Instructional Technology at Medical University of South Carolina, to conduct a literature review on course modalities and flexible learning approaches, and we’ll be presenting our results at the Online Learning Consortium Innovate Conference in the spring.


Don't forget to celebrate individuals you see making a difference in teaching, learning, or student success at MSU with #iteachmsu's Thank an Educator initiative. You might just see them appear in the next feature!

What is Universal Design for Learning?
According to the CAST website, Universal Design for Learning (UDL) is “a framework to improve and optimize teaching and learning for all people based on scientific insights into how humans learn.” Although UDL is not exclusive to digital accessibility, this framework prioritizes inclusivity and thus inherently lends itself to the creation of courses that are accessible to all students.
UDL is built on an understanding of the term learning as the interaction and layering of: 

Recognition, or the “what”
Skills and Strategies, or the “how”
Caring and Prioritizing, or the “why”

The ultimate goal of UDL is to design a course that is accessible to everyone from its very inception and is open to flexibility.  UDL can help instructors create accessible goals, methods, materials, and assessments.
UDL proposes the following three principles to upend barriers to learning:

Representation - present material in a variety of ways
Action and Expression - allow students to share what they know in their own
Engagement - provide students with choices 

Explore this topic further in CAST’s “UDL at a Glance”:
UDL GuidelinesLearn more about the Guildlines for UDL via the accessible and interactive table on the CAST website.

Instructional Technology and Development’s Incorporating Universal Design for Learning (UDL) into Your Course Design

Further Reading

Michigan Tech’s guide for UDL
Weaver Library’s Research Guide Universal Design for Learning (UDL) & Accessibility for Faculty
Introduction to Universal Learning Design (UDL) by Shannon Kelly

Sources

About universal design for learning. CAST. (2024, March 28). https://www.cast.org/impact/universal-design-for-learning-udl

This article is part of the Digital Accessibility Toolkit.

In Fall 2020, we conducted CSE 260 (Discrete Mathematics) as a flipped class, where students were expected to watch videos before class so that they could use class time to work together to solve problems. This class covers foundational mathematics for computer science and computer engineering students. Students need a lot of practice to master the methods and concepts. Unfortunately, these problems do not provide an instant feedback mechanism similar to programming projects. A flipped class where students work together in a group, along with regular assistance by the instructional team, provides such a mechanism. We surveyed students to gather their impressions on the course. Most students liked the flipped class structure and generally preferred it to a traditional lecture format. Furthermore, students reported it helped them develop friendships, something difficult to achieve in the Covid-era.
To access a PDF of the "Benefits of Teaching a Large Course Using a Flipped Zoom Classroom" poster, click here.Description of the Poster 
CSE 260 Flipped Class (Lessons Learned) 
Sandeep Kulkarni and Eric Torng 
 CSE 260: Discrete Mathematics

Topics Covered: 


Propositional and predicate logic 
Set Theory 
Elementary Number theory and its applications to cryptography 


Mathematical Induction 
Counting and probability 
Relations 


Role in Curriculum 


Foundational mathematics for computer science  

Analog to calculus (continuous mathematics) for engineering and natural sciences 
Why Flipped Class 

Students need lots of practice to master the methods and concepts 
Discrete math problems do not provide instant feedback to students if they do something wrong (unlike some programming errors such as a program failing to compile), so doing problems in class in groups helps students get quick feedback on any mistakes 
For Fall 2020, student groups not only improved learning, they also created a sense of community for students who participated regularly. 


80% of students responding to an end of semester survey reported they developed friendships through the homework groups 

 Flipped Class Design 

Class enrollment roughly 200 (10-20% were outside the US, several in Asia) 
Instructional Team 


2 faculty, 6 TAs/ULAs 


Online videos covered the core concepts 


Each video had an associated homework assignment that would be worked on in class by student groups 
Each video had an associated online quiz that every student was required to complete before working on the associated homework in class in groups 


Homework group composition 


20 groups, approximately 10 students per group 
Group creation started about a month before the first class 
Each student was asked to fill out a survey that asked two main things 


Do you request specific group partners? 


15% of students made such requests 


What is your self-perceived math background and ability to lead a group discussion? 
60% of students filled out the survey 


Groups were created based on these responses (group partner requests and balancing self-perceived ability) 
Groups did not change 


Homework group technical support 


Groups had a shared Google drive space for working on assignments 
Groups had predefined Zoom breakout rooms  


Some issues due to Zoom max of 200 participants for predefined breakout rooms 

First Week Activities 

The first week was focused on group work logistics and the daily structure 


We discussed group roles and group dynamics 
We had students practice their group collaboration on ungraded simple math exercises  


We had several technical issues the first week including having to move roughly 80 students rather than the anticipated 20 students to their predefined Zoom breakout rooms 

Daily Structure 

At the end of every class, each group submitted a survey to identify (1) difficulties encountered, (2) their current status in solving the homework problems, (3) and their assessment of the group collaboration. 


Before the next class, we prepared a few slides summarizing the responses in all three dimensions along with 2-3 quoted comments that best captured the current student sentiment. 
At the start of the next class, we spent roughly 20 minutes covering those slides. 
Afterwards, groups began their collaborative work in their assigned breakout rooms 
The instructional team moved through the groups to help as needed for both content and to enforce good group dynamics. 
The work done in class was submitted as (lightly graded) homework to ensure that it was completed 

Common Difficulties 

Internet issues 
Some students not watching the videos before class 
Freeloaders: some students not participating on a regular basis but getting the same homework grade leads to resentment from those that do participate. 
Groups were not perfectly synchronized; leading groups might be 2-3 assignments ahead of trailing groups. 

Lessons Learned 

# instructional staff needs to be about 1/3 # of groups 


This implies we can have at most ~20 groups with current instructional staff size 


Need better mechanisms to address freeloaders 


Perhaps more frequent individual assessments to ensure all students are participating and learning 


Each class/week must have specific deliverables to ensure group synchronization 
Stricter enforcement of requirements to watch videos before class 

 Survey 

Administered by Qualtrics 
Roughly 1/3 of students (65) responded 

Selected Comments 

I think the flipped model is much more effective when it has to be online and potentially I think it could work when in person classes are able to be taught again. I think some students learn a bit differently than others so I think having the option of flipped classes (maybe every other semester) could be beneficial to some and hindering to others.  


I feel like there would be more participation if the flipped class happened in person rather than zoom. People would likely hold themselves more accountable.  
I think the reason group work helped me learn was because it was over zoom. This way everyone is able to see a screen and hear each other. If it had been an in-person flipped class it would have been more difficult to communicate with such a large group, so groups would have to be smaller. The people sitting furthest away from wherever the work is being done would not participate. I think I learned the most when I was doing problems as a group.  
Flipped classroom in person is very nice.  For example CMSE 201, 202 and STT 180 all do very nice jobs of balancing the in class work and the pout of class lecture.  Also, having TA's walking around to help is very nice.  

 Information from Graphs 
Most students preferred flipped class 
There was a preference towards flipped in-person class 
Most students reported that they learnt a great deal from their peers 
49% students preferred flipped class, 5% preferred any option, Remaining students were ok with either.