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Leadership Fellows

2015-2016: Zach Frenzel
2016-2017: Kyle McCarthy
2017-2020: Tracy Melvin
2019-2021: Clara Graucob
2020-2021: Alex White
2021-2022: Liz Stebbins

Zach Frenzel (2015-2016)Zach Frenzel not only served as the first Agriculture & Natural Resources Leadership Fellow, he was selected to be the first ever Fellow after participating in the 2014 Leadership Academy. Zach conducted several needs assessment in the College, finding that graduate students in several departments did not feel their home departments were a cohesive as it related to research, scholarship, and sense of community.  He used the results of those assessments to inform his work strengthening the community of graduate students in CANR by hosting department-specific events to facilitate inter-departmental connections. Zach also worked closely with Graduate Student Organizations (GSOs) and departments on leadership frameworks, enabling both groups to state that they felt Zach helped them make significant progress towards becoming a more unified team.
Kyle McCarthy (2016-2017)Zach’s work to facilitate communication and collaboration among the GSOs, departments, and stakeholders that shape graduate students’ lives within the college served as an inspiration for Zach’s successor, Kyle McCarthy, the 2016-2017 CANR Leadership Fellow. Kyle leveraged results from the survey that Zach distributed to GSO leadership as well as his connections with leaders from nine of CANRs GSOs to identify the need for a CANR-specific GSO handbook to facilitate greater collaboration & engagement among the groups. Kyle ended his Fellowship by giving a presentation about his findings and the handbook draft he and other CANR leaders developed to the graduate program directors.
Tracy Melvin (2016-2020) | Coordinator (2020-2021)Zach and Kyle’s diligent work building relationships within the college and with the Institute laid the foundation for Tracy Melvin to organize CANR Rising in 2018, an event where Tracy brought in a panel of respected CANR faculty and administrators to vulnerably share their lived experiences with overcoming failure. Her event had a significant impact on both the graduate students involved, who commonly suffer from Imposter Syndrome and feel that failure is not an option, as well as on the presenting faculty members, who reported that the process of sharing helped them better understand their past experiences and shifted their ways of thinking about failure. Though Tracy’s second CANR Rising was unfortunately cancelled due to COVID-19, she was determined to not let her work with the Institute come to an end. She was brought on as a Co-Coordinator of the Leadership Institute from 2020-2021 and was instrumental in reshaping the Fellowship’s curriculum and structure.
Clara Graucob (2019-2021)Tracy’s success with the CANR Rising event during the 2017-2018 helped secure funding for an additional Agriculture and Natural Resources Leadership Fellow, Clara Graucob. As an international student from Germany, Clara recognized the lack of congruence between the resources provided to international grad students by the Graduate School and the Office of International Students and Scholars (OISS). After distributing a survey to international graduate students in 2019 regarding the accessibility and publicity of resources intended to ease their transition into the American education system, Clara leveraged iteach.msu, a collaborative educational resource-sharing platform developed by Institute Co-Coordinator Makena Neal. Clara’s playlist, “Resources for new Spartans,” serves as a one-stop-shop for resources to help new Spartans transition into life at MSU, addressing topics such as housing, grocery shopping, social activities, nature/outdoor activities, postal services, health care, insurance, mental health, IM sports teams, navigating campus, and many others. The dedication, thoughtfulness, and drive evident in Clara’s work and her approach to leadership enabled her to develop connections with Office of International Students and Scholars and secure an assistantship, through which she will continue supporting international grad students at MSU.
Alex White (2020-2021)Alex White conducted a Field Safety Week for graduate students who enter the program with different levels of comfort in forested environments. Alex designed the training to serve as a risk mitigation intervention that would prepare students with the basic skills needed to conduct field work safely. The trainings included hitching and backing a trailer, safety concerns for field researchers from underrepresented backgrounds, overview of safety equipment, snakes of Michigan, land navigation, and self-defense. The field safety week also included the opportunity to get a Wilderness First Aid Certification with the Great Lakes EMS Academy. Alex worked with Lauren Noel, Kelly Millenbaugh, Laura Bix, and CANR Diversity Office to organize logistics, secure funding, and recruit speakers. In a post-event survey, participating grad students said the training made them feel safer in the field and expressed an interest in participating in the training again. Alex continues to promote a culture of field safety in the department as she completes her program.
Liz Stebbins (2021-2022)Liz was interested in finding ways to connect graduate students, old and new, to community resources within and external to MSU. She worked with College of Education Fellow, Sarah Galvin, to create plans for a “Community Orientation” to help get new graduate students engaged in their local community. They connected with the Center for Community Engaged Learning and the Office for Public Engagement and Scholarship, as well as several Lansing and East Lansing-area organizations. They made plans for an involvement fair that they hoped to launch in the Fall of 2022 where they would invite members of the community to come meet interested graduate students.

Introduction
In an age where technology can help to remove barriers and foster inclusivity, it is still quite common for users to encounter accessibility challenges in the digital space. The ChatGPT platform, while revolutionary in its capabilities, is not exempt from such hurdles. In this article we will discuss some known accessibility issues associated with the ChatGPT tool and its associated support site, and provide suggestions for making the platform more accessible for users with disabilities.
Current Issues and Potential Workarounds
In general, both the ChatGPT tool (chatbot) and associated documentation are accessible to most users, however, the platform does present barriers to users who access digital content using a screen reader, those who navigate using only a keyboard or alternative navigation tools, and users with color related vision issues or low vision.Note: This review lists issues observed as of December 2023. Please comment if you believe specific issues have been addressed and we will update the article as needed.
Both the Chat GPT tool and associated support website were tested against the W3C WCAG 2.0 AA standard in Windows and MacOS using NVDA and Voiceover screen readers and common browsers. The following information details which accessibility barriers were identified, how they may affect users, and some potential workarounds for helping to provide equitable access to the desired functionality.
Login Process
During the login process users are presented with the option to create an account or login using an existing Google, Microsoft, or Apple accounts. There are multiple issues with this process that may present barriers for users.


Issue:
Several elements associated with the login process do not meet minimum contrast requirements which will make the associated text difficult or impossible to read (e.g., elements using light green text on a white background and white text on a light green background).

Who this may affect:
Users with low vision or color related vision issues who rely on high contrast between text and the associated background may find the associated text difficult or even impossible to read.

Workaround:
Encourage users to log in using an existing Google, Microsoft, or Apple account, or consider providing written instructions detailing the login process and associated controls.


Issue:
  Focus indication for the login and account creation buttons is not sufficient. Some users may not be able to move past the account creation and login area without assistance.

Who this may affect:
Keyboard users who rely on clear and obvious visual indicators to track which element is currently selected when navigating a webpage.

Workaround:
Encourage users to log in using an existing Google, Microsoft, or Apple account, or consider providing written instructions detailing the login process and associated controls.


Issue:
During the account creation process, password requirements appear after the password creation field. Instructions and requirements for a form field should be presented prior to the user accessing that field. Also, there is no error indication for assistive technology users who enter a password that does not meet minimum requirements. The cursor simply remains in the password field with no feedback for the user. This also occurs if an incorrect password is entered during login.

Who this may affect:
Screen reader users may not be able to move past the account creation and/or login area without assistance.

Workaround:
Encourage users to log in using an existing Google, Microsoft, or Apple account, or consider providing written instructions detailing the account creation and login process. Include password requirements and an explanation of the application’s behavior when the password either does not meet the minimum requirements or is entered incorrectly.
Chatbot User Interface
Some elements within the ChatGPT chatbot user interface make the tool difficult to use and potentially confusing for assistive technology users. Issues we experienced include portions of the screen that cannot be accessed by keyboard-only users and numerous interactive elements that do not include descriptive names/labels causing them to be unusable by screen reader users.


Issue:
Not all buttons contain descriptive labels or information about their purpose or function (e.g., send message button, clipboard, and up/down vote icons).

Who this may affect:
Screen reader users who rely on clearly labelled buttons and interactive elements for navigating and interacting with an application. If a label is not provided or does not describe the purpose of the button or element, that button or element is essentially useless to screen reader users and will block their ability to effectively use the associated application. Example: the “Send Message” button is simply read as “button, group” by screen readers, giving users no indication of its purpose or functionality.

Workaround:
Screen reader users may require assistance navigating the user interface to help learn the functionality of interactive elements when initially using the tool. Consider not requiring the use of unlabeled elements such as the voting buttons.


Issue:
Elements of the main message and reply functionality are not presented in a logical order, a typical workflow would not have replies appearing above the message input box. This layout requires users to navigate back up the page to interact with chatbot replies/answers. There is no indication to assistive technology users that replies/answers have been generated or that they appear above the message input field.

Who this may affect:
Screen reader users require notification when information on a page is changed, when that change is complete, and where the new information is located. Lack of notification about when reply generation is complete and how to access the replies will make the tool difficult to use without assistance.

Workaround:
Screen reader users may require assistance navigating the user interface to help learn the main workflow and how to navigate the message and reply when initially using the tool. Consider providing documentation detailing the chatbot message and reply window to help assistive technology users more effectively use the tool.


Issue:
Under user account Settings and Custom Instructions some of the associated pop-up windows are not read in a meaning sequence (e.g., the Custom Instructions pop-up opens with focus on the “Ok” button and no indication that there is text/information above that button). These windows also contain unlabeled buttons (e.g., buttons used to close the pop-up windows).

Who this may affect:
Screen reader users rely on information being presented in a logical order. When a new window is opened the screen reader software should be told to start reading from the top of the new content, not set to a button or element at the bottom of the window. Also, lack of descriptive labels on buttons used to close the pop-up windows may prevent users from exiting the Settings windows.

Workaround:
Screen reader users may require assistance navigating the account related tool windows. Consider providing documentation detailing the Settings and Custom Instructions windows.
 
The Impact on Users
Barriers to access limit a platform’s usability for a wide variety of users. All students deserve equal access to information and opportunities, inaccessible technology widens the digital divide and hinders the ability of users to fully participate in online conversations and access valuable resources. 
The Importance of Accessibility
Addressing accessibility concerns is not just a matter of compliance; it is a moral and ethical imperative. Inclusivity should be at the core of technological advancements. As we work to provide the best possible learning experience for our students, we must ensure that no one is excluded or left behind. By acknowledging and actively working to overcome accessibility challenges we can create a more equitable and inclusive online space and experience for all users.

This week, we are featuring Dr. Jim Lucas, Assistant Dean of Global Education & Curriculum.  Dr. Lucas was recognized via iteach.msu.edu's Thank and Educator Initiative! We encourage MSU community members to nominate high-impact Spartan educators (via our Thank an Educator form) regularly!
Read more about Dr. Lucas’ perspectives below. #iteachmsu's questions are bolded below, followed by his responses!
 

 
You were recognized via the Thank an Educator Initiative. In one word, what does being an educator mean to you? 
Mentor
Share with me what this word/quality looks like in your practice?
Mentors help personally and professionally by pushing you to be your best. I think being a mentor is a good way to think about being an educator. As a mentor, you have to connect with the student where they're at by being developmental and helping them progress as a student and as a person. I also think you need to put yourself out there and empathize with your students. You have to be willing to be a real person with your students, ask the tough questions, and put in the time and the effort to get through to them. Sometimes I think if we all cared more about each other as people that some of the problems we think of as insurmountable would be less insurmountable.
I always tell my students, once a student, always a student. Once they come into my life, they always have access to me as a mentor. I don’t cut students off once the class ends. I am there for them throughout their college experience. 
Have your ideas on this changed over time? if so how?
As an administrator, it’s important to have one foot on the ground. It’s easy to forget life from a students’ perspective. It’s important to keep yourself real, keep yourself honest, and keep yourself connected to the students so you can try to relate to them in a way that seems authentic. 
When I talk to other educators about how to create curricular experiences or how to work with students, I encourage them to keep doing the work. I don't want to be one of those people that taught 20 years ago but hasn't been in a classroom since. I stay connected to students, particularly first-year students, so I can serve them better. But it also helps me professionally, to help other people think about how to mentor and teach students.
Every time that I'm confronted with a topic that I want to teach, I start by asking myself “how do students learn?”I always push myself to think about how to present topics in the most engaging, exciting, and fun way possible. So I'm constantly pushing myself to think about new ways to do activities and assignments in class. I realize the students I'm teaching in 2021 are different from the students I taught in 1999.
Tell me more about your educational “setting.” This can include, but not limited to departmental affiliations, community connections, co-instructors, and students. (Aka, where do you work?)
I work with first-year students through UGS offerings, integrative studies teaching, and also teach several education abroad courses. 
What is a challenge you experience in your educator role?
I feel that today’s world is very complicated. All students don’t come to college with the mindset and resilience to be successful. We’ve changed so much as a society. Whether students are coming with more home life issues and less social capital or overly structured lives with hovering parents. Figuring out the right balance of challenge and support is hard because you want to challenge them without harming them. You need to find the appropriate way to challenge them to promote growth. Sometimes, we solve problems for students, rather than empowering them to solve the problems themselves, but conversely, sometimes we leave students hanging by a limb expecting them to figure it out on their own. It is a messy grey space. 
Another challenge I experience is the lack of recognition or value attributed to teaching in all forms. I think we need to remove the “Grand Canyon” of academic versus student affairs and teaching versus research. I think if you want to work with students, you need all types of people and perspectives. You also need to value your teachers and reward them for putting in the time that it takes to promote growth and learning.
Any particular “solutions” or “best practices” you’ve found that help you support student success at the university despite/in the face of this?
Having a sense of structure is really important. I always start the class by reviewing prior content and answering any questions students have about the past week. At the end of class, I review where we've been, preview where we're gonna go next week, and talk about what’s due. Also, I create a routine for my class, even more so during COVID, with a set structure they can come to understand the ebb and flow of class. 
I work very hard to set norms in my class. I think that a lot of faculty assume that just putting expectations in the syllabus is enough. In my experience, you have to keep talking about and revisiting norms. And if you’re going to set a norm, you have to model it. I can't just say I want you to have good dialogue skills, I have to model it for the students by showing them what I expect, holding them accountable, and managing the issues as they come up. I start every class in small groups and rotate so they get to know each others’ names and have to work across differences. 
I'm really trying to set that tone during the first day that we're an active learning community, that we need to learn to listen to each other, and that we all have opinions that are valid to be listened to, but yet also remember not to be racist, sexist, etc., I try to set all that that tone on that very first day. The other thing I would say to anyone that's new to teaching is that it's helpful to have peers and or a more experienced mentor to ask questions. When I first started teaching, I had an elder faculty member in the department that I could go to, or when I was teaching EAD 315, I could go to other grad students and be like, how is this working for you? Did it work? Did it not work? 
Teaching is as much of an art as it is a science and I think you have to adapt. For new instructors, I’ll say this: You haven’t taught anything until you’ve taught it three times. After teaching a course three times, you start to realize your own structure and flow. Teaching is like theatre--you have to figure out what you're going to put on stage and what you're going to keep behind the curtain. I think an error that many educators make is putting way too much “behind the stage.” I think students do better when you're more transparent about what you expect, and why you're doing what you're doing. And I think that they respect you for telling them.
Sometimes teachers think that they need to have an air of superiority or infallibility in the classroom. It’s okay to admit “I'm not perfect” and admit to the students when you’re not perfect. For example, I’ll let students know I've had a really bad week, and I'm sorry that I couldn't get to your papers or that the D2L site is messed up. 
Be honest and human with the students. These actions are role modeling the behaviors that you want them to see. One of the things that I learned as an educator is how a student assesses you on the first day of class is highly correlated to the way they'll evaluate you later on. The first day of class is super important. 
I don't start with a syllabus. I start with some form of fun, engaging activity that sets a tone for my class. So if I'm doing, for example, sustainability I might do like a human barometer activity that gets the students up and moving and establishes dialogue in the classroom where they're hearing from each other more than they're hearing from me. And I make it clear that that's what my class is going to be. 
What are practices you utilize that help you feel successful as an educator?
Using class time to give voice to students is really important. Create a positive climate in your classroom where students feel valued and where they can ask questions. I build five minutes at the start and end of every class. Some people might say, well, I'll cover less content. But, you know, my belief is, it doesn't matter if you cover it if they don't retain it. And they're not going to retain it if they're not in a classroom where they feel that they're listened to, and that they're engaged. Figure out the right mix of process and content is important for any teacher. The process of how you run your class is just as important as the information that you're giving.
Also, I'm a big fan of backward design. People need to start with their learning outcomes and go through a process of curricular prioritization. IAs I said, you haven't really taught anything until you've taught it at least three times. In those three times, you start to realize what's important and what's not important. 
Next, I like the teaching perspectives inventory (http://www.teachingperspectives.com/tpi/). I encourage educators to work on themselves to understand who you are as a teacher and figure out if the way you run your class aligns with your thoughts about teaching and learning. Ask yourselves questions like do your values as a teacher align with the way you do your learning outcomes, assessment, and all that or is aligned with your values as a teacher? For this reason, I never use a canned curriculum or activity. I take ideas and structures from other places, but I need to adapt them to my needs, outcomes, and teaching style.
What topics or ideas about teaching and learning would you like to see discussed on the iteach.msu.edu platform? Why do you think this conversation is needed at msu? 
A greater range of activities that hit multiple levels of professional experience. Mid-high level conversations about sticky, difficult issues. What do you do when a student has a breakdown in the middle of your classroom? These are things that I've confronted, but I'm not always sure that I had the best possible approach. 
For example, I had a student who checked out of his housing and was effectively homeless, and then I was with the police on campus looking for the student one night-- as an educator I find myself in the middle of these situations. I would love to have a space to talk with kindred spirits about how to do that work, where our limits reside, how have other people navigate it, and how do we make the system better? I want to make the campus a better place for everyone. And I'd like to be involved in those conversations, not so much tips and tricks for my own classroom.
What are you looking forward to (or excited to be a part of) next semester?
Looking forward to face-to-face teaching and education abroad. I want to see my students and talk with them. I feel very disconnected from them in a remote environment. I decided not to teach online for Spring. As a person that likes to create community in small, experiential educational settings, it is hard for me to do that online.

Want to improve your teaching? Participating in a peer observation process is a great way to create a space for you to reflect upon your own teaching and open up a dialogue related to best practices in teaching. It is very important to note that peer observations are NOT evaluative and are NOT tied to performance review. They are a training and development tool to facilitate reflection and personal growth.A peer observation process can:

create a culture that values best practices in teaching and facilitation; 
provide learning opportunities for employees to reflect upon their own teaching and facilitative leadership skills and learn from their peers; and 
build capacity in teacher training, observation feedback, and general pedagogy within the organization. 

The MSU Extension Peer Observation Process is based on the following premises.
Premise #1: Peer observation is helpful for teachers, especially for the one observing.

Faculty in higher education report that peer observation is useful (83%) and a majority (74%) feel it should be required (Divall, M. et al. 2019).
In peer observation, the true learner is the one who is observing (Richardson, 2000; Hendry & Oliver, 2012). Watching another teach is useful and instructive and allows teachers to discover new resources and ways of teaching, supports career-long learning in teaching, and provides a forum for teachers to discuss what good teaching is (Richardson, 2000).

Premise #2: Evaluative observation can be invalid and potentially destructive.

In evaluative observation, staff doing the observing may lack the motivation or knowledge to make good recommendations. It is also possible that that observer’s critique may damage the self-efficacy of the teacher being observed as a result of feedback that is not delivered in an appropriate way (Hendry & Oliver, 2012).
The validity of evaluative observations for measuring teacher efficacy is troublesome. Strong et al. (2011) looked at observations of teachers who were classified as “effective” or “ineffective” based on student achievement data, and then had observers with different levels of expertise watch recordings of those teachers teach and classify the teachers as “effective” or “ineffective.” Although judges were in high agreement (rater reliability), they demonstrated a low ability to identify effective teachers. Administrators and teacher educators were accurate only about one-third of the time. In other words, observers are unable to identify effective teachers from ineffective teachers.
To explore the conundrum of why evaluative observation isn’t accurate, I recommend reading Dr. Robert Coe’s blog post “Classroom observation: It’s hard than you think” (2014), published by the Centre for Evaluation & Monitoring at Durham University.

Premise 3#: Peer observation processes align to adult learning theory.

Theories of experiential learning, the teaching model used in 4-H, align to our proposed peer observation process. Experiential learning includes doing, reflecting, and applying. In the proposed peer observation process, the educators involved “do” by teaching or observing, “reflect” through post-observation reflection forms and structured conversations, and then “apply” by integrating new ideas and concepts into their own teaching.
The peer observation process aligns with social cognitive theory (Bandura, 1997) which posits that personal, behavioral, and environmental influences interact in learning. Concepts of self-efficacy, the belief that we can take actions to improve performance, is supported through the peer observation process.

Learn more about the MSU Extension Peer Observation Process.
References:
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control.  London: W.H. Freeman & Co Ltd.
Coe, R. (2014, January 9). Classroom observation: it’s harder than you think. [Blog post]. Retrieved from https://www.cem.org/blog/414/.
DiVall, M., PharmD., Barr, Judith,M.Ed, ScD., Gonyeau, M., PharmD., Matthews, S. J., Van Amburgh, J., PharmD, Qualters, D., PhD., & Trujillo, J., PharmD. (2012). Follow-up assessment of a faculty peer observation and evaluation program. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 76(4), 1-61. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.msu.edu.proxy1.cl.msu.edu/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.proxy1.cl.msu.edu/docview/1160465084?accountid=12598
J., Van Amburgh, J., PharmD, Qualters, D., PhD., & Trujillo, J., PharmD. (2012). Follow-up assessment of a faculty peer observation and evaluation program. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 76(4), 1-61. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.msu.edu.proxy2.cl.msu.edu/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.proxy2.cl.msu.edu/docview/1160465084?accountid=12598
Hendry, G. D., & Oliver, G. R. (2012). Seeing is believing: The benefits of peer observation. Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice, 9(1), 1-11. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.msu.edu.proxy2.cl.msu.edu/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.proxy2.cl.msu.edu/docview/1037909669?accountid=12598
Richardson, M. O. (2000). Peer observation: Learning from one another. Thought & Action, 16(1), 9-20. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.msu.edu.proxy2.cl.msu.edu/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.proxy2.cl.msu.edu/docview/62336021?accountid=12598
Strong, M., Gargani, J., & Hacifazlioğlu, Ö. (2011). Do We Know a Successful Teacher When We See One? Experiments in the Identification of Effective Teachers. Journal of Teacher Education, 62(4), 367–382. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022487110390221
Weller, S. (2009). What does "peer" mean in teaching observation for the professional development of higher education lecturers? International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 21(1), 25-35. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.msu.edu.proxy2.cl.msu.edu/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.proxy2.cl.msu.edu/docview/757171496?accountid=12598

Although there is no simple solution to responding to a tragedy, the ways that we interact with our students in the next few weeks will be essential to rebuilding our community and moving forward.  Below is a compilation of resources to employ as you return to the classroom.  It is important to attend to the social and emotional needs of both you and your students after this campus tragedy.  Once classes resume, it is important to recognize that while some students will be relieved for the return to a schedule, others may struggle to get back into the academic routine.  Some students are not sleeping, some are experiencing extreme grief and anxiety, and many will have a hard time focusing on academics. Everyone will experience the campus tragedy differently, and it will be important to be flexible as the university moves forward. Below are recommendations for how to engage in “better” practices during this time. 
Move slowly 
You will need to acknowledge that learning will be more challenging since students and instructors have experienced a traumatic event: 

Adjust your weekly in-class activities to be a quarter to a half of what they were.  
Make more space for processing and reflecting on course content both in class and in the time between assignments, readings, etc.  
Consider ending class early each week if students are tired mentally and emotionally. 
Give more short breaks in long classes (consider two short breaks on the hour, vs. one longer break in the middle). 

Resource for Course Policy Modifications After a Crisis Practical Strategies for Returning to Class. This resource contains examples of policies and adaptations you may consider. These are not meant to be read as recommendations that every instructor should adopt, but rather as possibilities that instructors can individually assess and adapt to their own teaching context. 
Focus on Mastery Learning 
A focus on mastery learning can help with an academic disruption. It is important to be mindful of the cognitive load. The goal of mastery learning is to ensure students learn content, not just perform on assessments. Mastery learning offers students multiple opportunities to demonstrate what they know. This is especially helpful when students’ cognition is overwhelmed by trauma. Ideas for implementation include:  

Offer re-takes, re-writes and general revision of work 
Offer a variety of formative and summative assessments including performance-based, written response, or oral communication  
Offer students the opportunity to review  
Organize student review sessions throughout the rest of the semester 
Scaffold prior learning and continue to explicitly build content—any review is helpful 

Resources for mastery learning (K12 resources are relevant) 

What is Mastery Learning. https://research.com/education/what-is-mastery-learning A brief overview of the key elements of mastery learning. 
Mastery Learning. https://tea.dtei.uci.edu/resources/mastery-learning/ A brief overview of mastery learning in the STEM field. 
Grade Expectations. https://www.gse.harvard.edu/news/ed/19/05/grade-expectations. A brief overview of alternatives to high stakes grading. 

Less is more 
Adjust your activities and assignments to potentially be a quarter to a half of what they were. This requires that you focus on the absolute core content of the course. While it is interesting to extend learning around a topic, this is a time to get down to the basics of the content. These prompts might be able to help you make revisions to your syllabus and teaching practices:  

Are there plans that no longer seem realistic?  
Are there activities that you as an instructor do not have the capacity to assess?  
Are there assignments you can take out all together?  
Are there readings that can be on a “to-read” list after the semester rather than required for each week?  
Can students meet in synchronous discussion groups in lieu of writing a discussion board? 

If you’ve responded yes to any of these questions, adjust your syllabus and notify your students. 
Managing evaluation 
After an academic disruption due to a crisis, it can be challenging to adapt your semester plan. Students (and you) will likely have limited cognitive capacity and will need flexibility in learning and assessments. While you should still have high expectations for students, you may need to revise your pedagogy and curriculum. It will be important to consider your curriculum and ask yourself: 

Can some units be combined? 
Are there extended learning elements that can be taken out to focus on core concepts? 
Can assessments (quizzes, tests) be revised slightly to focus on core concepts? 
Instead of a lecture, can you create student focused, small group activities 
What are other ways students can demonstrate knowledge: voice memos and voice to text, mind map, projects (Zines, podcasts, artwork, presentations, etc.)? 

If you’ve responded yes to any of these questions, adjust your syllabus and notify your students. 
Student Autonomy 
One way to support students who experience trauma is to ensure that students have choices about how to manage their own behavior. While there are tasks students need to accomplish to earn a grade, to learn content, and move forward, they do need some cognitive flexibility. At the same time, some students will need direction with firm deadlines. Here are some recommendations for supporting student success: 

Give students an option for when they take exams (day, time, etc.) 
Offer options for the order of the work when able 
Offer deadline flexibility/negotiation for those who need it, and firm deadlines for those who need the structure 
Offer written and verbal options 

Responding to Student Experience 
When classes resume, it is important to acknowledge the campus tragedy with students. You do not need to be a licensed counselor to pause and explicitly state that you recognize the community has been harmed and that you are able to direct students to university resources meant to help them. It is also imperative to recognize our BIPOC, LGBTQIA2S+ , and international student population may experience this trauma differently, as the threat of violence connects directly to their social identity experiences. You can say: 

I recognize that we have been through a tragedy as a campus 
This is a hard time for everyone, and I am happy to listen, and there will be no easy fix 
Please know that there are many resources available to you 
I am happy to refer you to resources that support you during this time 
We will all get through this challenging time together 

Resources with ideas of how you can respond 

https://cft.vanderbilt.edu/guides-sub-pages/crisis/ 
https://ctl.wustl.edu/resources/strategies-for-supporting-students-through-tragedy/ 
Students’ Perceptions of Helpful Faculty Actions Following a Collective Tragedy. This article investigates the most common instructor responses following a tragedy and which of those responses students find most helpful. 
What to say 

Leading Class Discussions  
Acknowledging the collective experience after a campus tragedy is essential. This is why it is important for everyone to respond to the student experience, as described on the first day back resource. You do not have to lead a classroom discussion about the events. For some students, having conversations about the crisis makes them feel less safe. If you do choose to have a discussion, it will be important to inform the class ahead of time that you will be giving time in class to discuss and give students the option to arrive late to class. This is also true with “check-ins”. If you plan to give space each class period to discuss the crisis, be sure to inform students ahead of time and give them the option to arrive 10 minutes late to class.  
Resources for leading a class discussion  

https://www.niu.edu/citl/_pdf/leadingclassdiscussions.pdf 
After A Campus Incident: General Talking Points and Conversation Guide 

Taking Care of Yourself  
Faculty and staff from other universities who experienced a campus crisis have said the most important factor in university recovery was ensuring their own rest and wellness. Examples: 

Talk about it with people in your family and work network 
Strive for balance in perspective 
Turn off media and take a break, even briefly 
Honor your feelings 
Help others or do something productive 
Take care of your physical health  

  Resources for caring for yourself after a tragedy 

How to Respond in the Classroom: Moving Forward after Tragedy and Trauma 
https://www.counseling.org/knowledge-center/coping-in-the-aftermath-of-a-shooting 
Tips for College and University Students: Managing Your Distress in the Aftermath 

These resources have been shared by a wide range of MSU faculty and staff, as well as colleagues from other institutions. 

Finishing up the academic year isn’t the same flavor as past years. We’ve had a taste of a much different year and there’s no better time than the moment to reflect on what was accomplished, set aside, or re-imagined. With the spring sun comes a deep breath out, then pause, and inhale hope for the opportunities ahead.
Start with a 3 Breath Reset
At the start of each session of the Living in a Daring Way course, Lisa Laughman helps participants pause for a three breath reset. This practice is common in mindfulness-based stress reduction courses. Try this short technique to help you refocus and recenter yourself.

First breath: focus on your breath coming in and leaving your body.
Second breath: notice your tension in your body on the inhale. On the exhale take a more relaxed position.
Third breath: on the inhale try to connect to your deepest wisest self. On the exhale stay with your deepest wisest self and acknowledge that part of yourself.

Learn from Lisa Laughman, LMSW & ACSW in Health4U and the Employee Assistance Program. 
Season with Gratitude
“Throughout my career, I have found myself committed to appreciating the contributions of my colleagues, and the communities we served. Whether it was uplifting the stories of others or building structures to support gratitude sharing, giving thanks and holding space to appreciate others has been a constant,” said learning designer Makena Neal in a recent piece, Gratitude and the Culture of Care.
There’s evidence to support the importance of gratitude in the workplace. Practicing gratitude has significant impacts on positive affective well-being, can also promote kindness and generosity, and highlights our connection to one another. Moreover, triggers that inspire state gratitude, such as letters of appreciation, as well as institutionalized gratitude have been found to be predictors of job satisfaction.  
At MSU, you can formally Thank an Educator. You can also nominate your supervisor/administrator for this year’s Outstanding Supervisor Award by July 31, 2022. Anywhere you are you can send an email, verbally share your gratitude or send a token of appreciation. A small amount of gratitude can make a huge impact. So… who will you thank today?
Reflect on Accomplishments
Take a look at your personal accomplishments - not just the big hurray moments, but the moments of holding peace, wrapping up a long-tail project, and even finishing a very hard academic year. Sometimes survival is a success. Life isn’t just about reaching higher and higher peaks, sometimes it's about moving through the valleys, and just reaching a resting place is an endeavor worth honoring.
You can choose to track your professional success 
Jaimie Hutchison of the WorkLife Office provided this insight:
Often, after speaking with people, I learn how much more they actually have to offer than what shows up on their resume or LinkedIn profile. Here in the WorkLife Office, I do career consultations for faculty and staff. I have worked with faculty, executives, and staff members of all levels. In the end, the same advice and encouragement comes out:

By thinking through your impact and accomplishments, you can have a better sense of your contribution to your workplace.
You can have a better sense of yourself.
You can reflect on things you have done where you used your skills to the best of your ability.
You can reflect on projects or positions where you felt “meh” and it wasn’t the best fit for you.
You can also reflect on what skills, experience, and abilities you have that are not getting utilized. 

The Three Levels of Praxis: A Model for Reflection on Teaching 
Written by E. Cuevas, educator in WRAC, the article draws on what Paulo Freire called praxis, or reflection and action. “A belief in praxis accepts that we are both instructors and learners; we have much to learn from our students. Engaging in reflection is an important part of figuring out how to align your goals, with your teaching, with your research, and your place in your institution. In this post, I will continue to reflect on my personal positioning to offer a model for reflection and I will do this by meditating on my positionality on three levels: the personal, the classroom, and the institutional,” wrote E. Cuevas
 
Give it Time
The Well-being at Work Guide sheds insights on taking time away from work, in the forms of breaks, vacation time, or strengthening boundaries around employees’ workdays, is important. Taking breaks throughout the workday has benefits for both the employee and the organization, but many employees often neglect to take them. Skipping breaks can lead to faster burnout and higher stress levels. Employees stepping away from work for a few minutes increases their productivity, job satisfaction, mental health and wellbeing, in addition to restoring their motivation (Kohll, 2018; Selig, 2017). 
Taking a break from work increases focus when employees return to work, thus improving their productivity. Additionally, taking breaks relieves some stress, which helps employees’ mental health and wellbeing. These factors contribute to increased job satisfaction (Kohll, 2018). 

Learn from Nature
Nature can positively affect employees. There is evidence that time spent outdoors boosts people's wellbeing, and even five minutes of time in nature can improve mental health. Spending time outside benefits people because breathing fresh air increases oxygen intake and allows the lungs to work at their full capacity (Sandborn, 2018).  Exposure to vitamin D from the sun boosts people's moods, too. Time outside also can reduce employees’ chronic stress, physical and social stressors. These benefits are at their strongest when experiencing 21 to 30 minutes of nature time (Hunter, Gillespie, & Chen, 2019).

Beronda Montgomery talks "Lessons from Plants"
Watch the Replay 
Beronda L. Montgomery explores the vigorous, creative lives of organisms often treated as static and predictable. In fact, plants are masters of adaptation. They “know” what and who they are, and they use this knowledge to make a way in the world. Plants experience a kind of sensation that does not require eyes or ears. They distinguish kin, friend, and foe, and they are able to respond to ecological competition despite lacking the capacity of fight-or-flight. Plants are even capable of transformative behaviors that allow them to maximize their chances of survival in a dynamic and sometimes unfriendly environment.

Grow in Your Own Way
However you reflect, disconnect, recharge and rejuvenate this summer; do it in the way that works best for you. Try new things or shut out the world for a few hours at a time. Explore new skills, areas, and ideas, or retreat to your own quiet place to let your mind wander. Plot your next year or reflect solidly on the past. Remember all the challenges you’ve overcome, the people you met, and the opportunities you’ve discovered.

According to the article "Writing Measurable Outcomes for Students from SOIREE"
Learning outcomes help students (and us!) to know what students will be able to demonstrate in knowledge, skills, and values upon completing a module or course. Clear outcomes provide the foundation for evaluating the effectiveness of teaching and learning. 
There are three essential components of a measurable learning outcome:

Student learning behaviors (verb-based)
Assessment methods
Student performance criteria

To write your learning objectives consider:What will students know or be able to do at the end of the course – knowledge, skills, thoughts & ideas? (consider Bloom's Taxonomy)Also, keep active vs. passive learning and their retention rates in mind. While the Learning Pyramid's specific percentages have been debunked, the general gist remains:Based on the objectives you've outlined and the strategies for teaching you have decided to employ, you'll next want to consider how your outcomes will be measured/achieved. In the well-designed course, the learning objectives serve to guide and direct the other various course components. The selected assessments will measure the learning objectives. Learning activities will promote mastery of the objectives. All these things working together is COURSE ALIGNMENT!According to QualityMatters, "all critical course components: learning objectives, assessments, activities, instructional resources and materials, learner engagement and interaction, learner support and even course technologies - work together to ensure that students achieve the desired learning outcomes. Access these resources in greater detail, and more, from the University of Maryland School of Social work IDEA Knowledgebase!Also, check out this Course Alignment Worksheet from Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Teaching and Learning Center!Photo by Jonny Gios on Unsplash

This week, we are featuring Dr. Eleanor (Ellie) Louson, one of the Center for Teaching and Learning Innovation's educational developers! Ellie earned her bachelor’s degrees from Bishop’s University, her master’s degree in the History and Philosophy of Science from the University of Toronto, and her Ph.D. in Science & Technology Studies at York University. She has a joint-appointment as an educator in Lyman Briggs College, MSU, where she teaches courses in the History, Philosophy, and Sociology of Science. Her research interests include wildlife films’ representation of animal behavior and interdisciplinary, experiential teaching and learning. Her teaching, research, and learning design backgrounds have taught her the value of interdisciplinarity, storytelling, and engagement for higher education. Ellie is originally from the Montreal area and plays in a rock band. Ellie has also been a recipient of the #iteachmsu Educator Award!
Read more about Dr. Louson’s perspectives below. #iteachmsu's questions are bolded below, followed by her responses! 


In one word, what does being an educator mean to you?  
My one word is “care” but it’s more care-as-doing than the emotional dimension of caring. As a teacher, I want to support my students being able to thrive in our class and in their broader lives. I do many things before and during class to support them, including a pre-course survey to learn about their tech and accessibility needs, as well as anything relevant to their situation during the pandemic. I design my classes with lots of flexibility and many assignments are open format. I use an Annotated Syllabus activity so that students can ask questions and make suggestions before I finalize it.
What does this word/quality looks like in your practice? Have your ideas on this changed over time? If so how?
I check in with students in lots of ways. At certain points in the semester, I check in to make sure they understand their progress towards the learning goals and flag any missing assignments. I also start each class with a check-in to give them a mindful moment to reflect on how they’re doing in 3 words, and I turn those check-ins into a word cloud to visualize patterns and to help me be responsive to the class’ energy levels. [Here’s an example word cloud. I use www.wordclouds.com to generate them]
 

I don’t have late penalties, but weekly assignments are spread throughout the syllabus as a marker of the expected pace of work. Students have full lives beyond the course and sometimes it’s reasonable for them to focus on other things. But I also care about their learning. I build in tutorials and extra office hours leading up to major assignments to make sure they can get the help they need. Those assignments also have a draft stage where I give feedback on their in-progress work. And they can revise assignments to improve their grades. I hope this contributes to a climate where it’s ok to try things and fail.
Tell us more about your educational “setting.” This can include, but not limited to departmental affiliations, community connections, co-instructors, and students. (AKA, where do you work?)
I work as an educational developer in the Center for Teaching and Learning Innovation, MSU’s new teaching center, which launched this fall. My colleagues and I work to support and connect MSU’s educators. Before that, I was part of the Hub for Innovation in Learning and Technology. I’m also one of the teaching faculty in Lyman Briggs College, where I teach courses in the History, Philosophy, and Sociology of Science to mainly STEM undergrads. I’m also fortunate to be a director of the CTLI Grad Fellowship, alongside my colleague Makena Neal.
What is a challenge you experience in your educator role? Any particular “solutions” or “best practices” you’ve found that help you support student success at the university despite/in the face of this? 
One challenge for me is that I’m too eager to say “yes” to opportunities that improve academic communities. I like to help, and I know the value of academic service work, so I’m glad to be able to contribute my design or communications skills to a project. But if I take on too many commitments, I am less able to be useful to those efforts. Another downside is that I get overwhelmed! By having stronger boundaries around my downtime and waiting 24 hours before taking on any new commitments, I can better protect my time and energy and make more of a positive difference for the things I deliberately take on..
What are practices you utilize that help you feel successful as an educator?
I learned a lot during the pivot to online teaching about building effective and engaging online courses, and many of those things translate to hybrid and in-person courses as well. I try to give students clarity about expectations, assignments, and the cadence of the class. I think I feel most successful when I share practices that work for me and then fellow educators tell me that they tried them in their own courses and that it helped. I write (and co-author) pedagogy articles for my HPS disciplinary newsletter that I hope help people in my discipline improve their teaching or meet the challenge of online learning. My favorite so far is called “You Can Teach Online! Designing effective and engaging online courses.”
What topics or ideas about teaching and learning would you like to see discussed on the iteach.msu.edu platform? Why do you think this conversation is needed at MSU?
I love iteach.msu as a space for educators to connect and share our ideas and teaching practices. I like learning about new tools and teaching tips on the platform. And I’ve had great experiences sharing resources on iteach.msu. I’ve had MSU educators connect with me after they discovered our playlist for the Spartan Studios Playkit, which is a set of resources for interdisciplinary, experiential teaching based on a pilot project of courses. It’s also really useful that #iteachmsu articles can have audiences beyond MSU. For example, when I present the Spartan Studios project at external conferences, I can share links with the audience and the content is accessible.
I’m interested in learning more about ungrading, both because I think ungrading practices give students more ownership into their own learning and metacognitive reflection, and (probably more selfishly) because I want less grading to do.
What are you looking forward to (or excited to be a part of) this semester?
I’m teaching a Science and the Environment course for Lyman Briggs, and one of the major assignments has students researching conservation initiatives. They also vote (as well as decide on a voting process) to make a real donation to one of the initiatives. It can be a conservation charity, awareness campaign, research institute; any organization that is focused on conservation research or practice. In the past this activity really engaged the students because they end up advocating for the groups, they think are the most impactful or need our donation the most. Since it’s “real” in a way that many academic assignments aren’t, they seem to care about how we make the decision. They also learn about the economics of conservation, and last year a few students got really interested in ranked-choice voting processes. I’m looking forward to improving the assignment based on feedback from last year and learning more about how to teach students to build effective presentations, because communicating in a variety of formats is a key learning objective for the course.
 
Don't forget to celebrate individuals you see making a difference in teaching, learning, or student success at MSU with #iteachmsu's Thank an Educator initiative. Submitted educators recieve a message of gratitude from #iteachmsu and are recognized annually with the Provost's #iteachmsu Educator Award. Submissions are also used to select educators to appear in our Educator Stories features!