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Community engagement can be a powerful tool for both connecting classroom learning to real life experiences and supporting community change efforts. In this our last post on community engagement in teaching, we want to address two questions: : 1) How can teachers attend to ethical concerns that may arise throughout community engagement projects?; and 2) How can teachers integrate routine reflection as a strategy to assess student learning throughout community engagement projects? Reflective activities create a critical space for us to capture the ethical issues arising with students and to reflect on our own ethical practice as instructors for community engaged courses. And we could not discuss ethical concerns without students being able to reflect about specific issues. For this last post in our community engagement series, we will focus on the ways we made sure to support student learning by exploring potential ethical issues and creating regular reflective opportunities.
Ethical Considerations When Engaging Communities
The ethical issues you must attend to are both community- and student-focused. Returning to  the community engagement spectrum from our previous two posts (Preparation and Implementation), the ethical considerations broaden as students become more immersed in communities. For example, we both had concerns about communities being exploited for the sake of students’ learning. To address this concern, Jenny (service learning) spent time with community partners prior to her course to gain an understanding about what would make the project meaningful to them and built mechanisms into the course to attend to those needs. Katie (photovoice) built guidelines for students’ photos into her photovoice rubric, spent time in class talking to students about ethical photography, and encouraged  students to ask questions they may have about their photos.
We both felt it would be unethical for students to engage with communities without first considering the impact their own identities and expectations on their work. We made sure students thought about privileged and oppressed identities, assumptions they hold  about communities that they might engage with, and how they might manage or interpret challenging experiences. Overall, we focused students on reflecting as an ethical imperative to ensure the experience worked well for community members and for students, but also as an assessment process to enhance student learning.
Reflection for Learning in Community Engagement
Reflection can be a useful tool for both students and instructors to more fully understand learning during community engagement activities. We both used multiple tools for reflection based in course objectives, both formal and informal, and creatively responding to the unexpected elements of this work. Below, we highlight how you can prepare to incorporate reflection into your community engagement efforts, along with some helpful tips for doing so that we derived from our own work
A) Reflect Flexibly Toward Course Objectives
If you’ve already elected to use community engagement as part of your course, you should consider how it will match up with course objectives. This can be very direct if you’re reading an article or bringing in a speaker about a particular topic, but may require more scaffolding if you’re integrating an experience like photovoice, service learning, or study abroad. Here, it’s essential to anticipate multiple student experiences of community engagement work. Make sure that reflection prompts are broad enough so that all students can participate, but still focused enough they are reflecting back toward the overall project and course objectives. For example, in Katie’s course, she had a full class dedicated to reflection incorporating definitions, examples and an assignment using a reflection tool called the “Ladder of Inference.” These activities taught students how to identify their own learning and thinking changed about particular issues, preparing to do deeper reflection in their photovoice project, and further connecting back to the overall course objectives of examining how concepts of power and oppression relate to social issues.
B) Reflect Informally and Formally
It’s essential to provide a spectrum of ways students can reflect on their learning. This spectrum builds a comprehensive culture of reflection in your course and provides multiple windows into student learning during community engagement and beyond. Providing informal reflection spaces help students build up to more formal, graded reflections on their work. These informal reflections could include short discussions, posing quick questions to students after explaining something, and/or having students keep a journal of their thoughts during community engagement work. And eventually building formal reflection into the course provides a culminating space for student to think about their learning across community engagement experiences. Final papers or projects can  provide a powerful picture of what students experienced and continue to validate both the community engagement work and the importance of regular reflection in connection to it. Whatever mixture of formal and informal reflection you decide on, make sure to integrate the results of the student reflection into your instruction moving forward. Through lectures and learning activities, demonstrate you’ve heard and are thinking about what students said.
C) Reflect Creatively
Reflective activities and assignments don’t have to fit within the bounds of traditional assessment strategies. There is plenty of room for creativity in setting up these activities.For example, Katie hosted a photovoice gallery in her classroom where students could explore their peers’ interpretations of the activity. Then, students had the opportunity to engage in discussion to reflect on what they’ve learned as a group from participating in the process. Doing this in both a big group and individually can speak to multiple learning styles. It also provides a space for students to generate new understandings of their experiences.
D) Reflect on the Unexpected
Realize that reflections may go beyond the scope of your course objectives and be prepared to facilitate learning that departs from expected directions. Community engagement can be both messy and beautiful. Leave space for unpacking the complexities.
We hope this series of blog posts helped remove some of the mystique regarding community engagement in the classroom. Getting students to connect course topics to what is going on around them can be rewarding and exciting! As you continue to consider incorporating community engagement into your own work, what ethical concerns do you need to consider? How important is reflection in your course? What reflective activities could you do to prepare your students for engagement and to assess their learning? We are always looking for new ideas so please share with us in the comments below!
 

 
Originally posted at “Inside Teaching MSU” (site no longer live): Gregory K. and Lawlor, J. Building Community Engagement into Your Course: Ethics and Reflections. inside teaching.grad.msu.edu

The following are a collection of publicly sourced articles related to the recent rise of artificial intelligence in everyday applications. note: following each [hyperlinked] title/subtitle are abstracts generated by ChatGPT after receiving prompts from M. Neal. "Write an abstract for [article link]" is indicated with [URL] abstract. "Write an abstract for [article text]" is indicated with [text] abstract. These very similar prompt-responses are shared consecutively in the hope that reading the abstracts will showcase the variations in ChatGPT output (despite similar input). Big Tech was moving cautiously on AI. Then came ChatGPT.
Google, Facebook and Microsoft helped build the scaffolding of AI. Smaller companies are taking it to the masses, forcing Big Tech to react.
[URL] Abstract: "ChatGPT, the Large Language Model developed by OpenAI, has been acquired by Google for an undisclosed sum. The acquisition has been widely seen as a move to improve Google's AI capabilities and stay ahead of competitors in the field. The ChatGPT model will be integrated into various Google services and products, including search, voice assistants, and translation services. This acquisition highlights the growing importance of AI technology and the increasing demand for advanced language models like ChatGPT."
[text] Abstract: Meta's Blenderbot, a chatbot released by Facebook's parent company three months before OpenAI's ChatGPT, was deemed a failure due to its over-cautious content moderation. In contrast, ChatGPT's conversational style, which allows for discussion on controversial topics, has made it a mainstream success. As ChatGPT continues to grow in popularity, tech giants such as Meta and Google are feeling pressure to speed up their own AI processes, potentially disregarding safety concerns. This has sparked concerns among AI ethicists, who fear that big tech's rush to market may expose billions of people to potential harms before they have been fully studied. Despite these concerns, companies like OpenAI continue to release their AI tools to the public, viewing it as the only way to assess real-world harm. The fast pace of AI progress requires companies to prioritize making the right decisions and releasing AI models that best serve the community, while considering the broader societal impacts of these innovations.ChatGPT Is Dumber Than You Think
Treat it like a toy, not a tool.
Abstract: "The deployment of AI language models like ChatGPT, developed by OpenAI, in writing and journalism raises questions about the ethics of AI-generated content. ChatGPT is capable of producing human-like text, making it difficult to distinguish between AI-generated content and content written by a human. The ethical concerns include issues of accuracy, accountability, and bias in AI-generated writing, as well as the potential for AI systems to manipulate public opinion. The article highlights the need for transparent and responsible deployment of AI language models in journalism and writing, and the importance of considering the ethical implications of AI-generated content."
ChatGPT could be used for good, but like many other AI models, it's rife with racist and discriminatory bias
[URL] abstract: ChatGPT, a large language model developed by OpenAI, is prone to biases like many other AI models. Despite its impressive performance in generating human-like text, the model has been found to have biases based on the training data it was exposed to. These biases can be a result of various factors such as the demographic representation in the training data, cultural norms and values, and other systemic biases present in society. It is crucial for developers and users to be aware of these biases and take steps to mitigate them.
[text] abstract: ChatGPT, an advanced artificial intelligence chatbot developed by OpenAI, is at the forefront of the debate on the potential and dangers of AI. Although the chatbot can assist with writing and speaking tasks and provide entertainment, it has also been used to cheat, plagiarize, spread misinformation, and enable unethical business practices. Furthermore, like many chatbots, it has a history of being biased. OpenAI added guardrails to prevent problematic responses, but these were easily bypassed by users. As AI is increasingly used to make important decisions in various industries, such as healthcare and law enforcement, the issue of bias must be addressed to prevent amplifying existing inequalities. This problem is not unique to ChatGPT and is well-documented, with studies showing the negative effects of biased algorithms. The AI industry is divided on who should be held responsible for these biases and whether harmful models should be released. Despite these concerns, AI models are becoming more prevalent in our lives and researchers are urging caution on the potential for harm due to AI biases.
The US Copyright Office says an AI can’t copyright its art[text] abstract: The US Copyright Office has rejected a request to copyright a work of art created by an AI algorithm named Creativity Machine. A three-person board determined that the AI-generated image lacked the necessary "human authorship" required for protection under copyright law. The board emphasized the vital role of the human mind in creative expression, citing past court decisions which have consistently found that non-human expression is ineligible for copyright protection. This decision highlights the importance of human agency in machine-produced works and raises questions about the limits of AI in the realm of art and copyright.[Google] An important next step on our AI journey[URL] abstract: This blog post provides an overview of BARD (Bidirectional Attention Representation for Documents), a new AI-powered search system developed by Google. BARD leverages the latest advances in natural language processing and machine learning to deliver more relevant and accurate search results, even for complex queries. The system utilizes a bidirectional attention mechanism to better understand the context of each word in a document and make connections between words, which helps to improve the relevance of search results. With BARD, Google aims to provide users with a more intuitive and seamless search experience, enabling them to find what they're looking for more quickly and easily.[text] abstract: Google has opened up its experimental conversational AI service, Bard, to trusted testers ahead of wider availability. Bard aims to combine the world's knowledge with the power, intelligence and creativity of large language models, drawing on information from the web to provide high-quality responses. Bard will initially be released with a lightweight version of LaMDA, the company's language model for dialogue applications. The release will be used to gather feedback and improve quality and speed. AI-powered features in Google Search, which will distill complex information and multiple perspectives, will soon be rolled out. Google also plans to onboard individual developers and enterprises to build on top of its best AI models.
last updated on 02/06/2023

Have you ever reviewed someone’s instructional materials and wondered how to gently tell them that, well, they are terrible?
One way to go about it is to reference research and theory, so it isn’t personal. A favorite of mine is Richard Mayer’s Principles of Multimedia Learning. These principles provide a nice way to support the following thoughts:

“So many words on that slide! Visuals, please!”
“Too many ideas on that one slide!”
“Ugh, the busy design, the animations, make them stop!”
“Information overload! Break it up, pare it down!“
“You sound like a stuffy academic instead of the awesome person you are! Keep it informal. Ditch the jargon!”
“Yes, you are very photogenic, but can I please see a visual instead of your face?”

Instructional materials such as videos or PowerPoints can make or break what you teach. Take the time to do them well.
Check out the article How to use Mayer's 12 Principle of Multimedia, which summarizes Mayer’s principles nicely. If you want to go straight to the source, the MSU library has you covered. Check out Mayer's book Multimedia Learning (2009), Cambridge University Press.

As teachers or students, we each enter the classroom with expectations and norms that have been cultivated by the communities and cultures from which we come. As in many social spaces shared by people with diverse identities and backgrounds, it takes explicit effort to ensure that equity and inclusion are truly guiding principles for interactions in the classroom. These are important considerations for all educators; in your reflections and preparations for classroom instruction, interactions with graduate teaching assistants and advisees, and even in many engagments with other educators.CLASSROOM DYNAMICS

Be aware of power attached to social roles and power attached to social identities. Unequal power manifests in the classroom, for one, due to the differing social roles of instructor and student. Instructors exercise power in designing courses, leading class discussions or activities, deciding grades, and offering mentorship and connection to resources for student support and development. 
Acknowledge and counter bias in the classroom. In the classroom, bias shows up implicitly and explicitly by way of course materials, classroom discussions, grading, evaluations, and more.When critically examining your course or classroom for bias, you may consider explicit and unacknowledge norms and expectations, financial burden of your course, representation in your syllabus (reading materials, cases, scenarios etc.), weight of class participation in grades, and other class policies. 
Recognize and counter stereotype threat and lift. Stereotype threat is a phenomenon in which certain groups’ academic performance is negatively impacted due to increased vigilance about possibly confirming existing stereotypes. It's important to respect each of your students as individual learners and encourage a growth mindset in the classroom. This means normalizing mistakes and failures, emphasizing the value of challenge, and offering students a variety of ways to demonstrate their learning. 

EARLY IN THE TERM

Introduce yourself to your class. Tell them about your background: how you first became interested in the subject, how it has been important to you, and why you are teaching this course. Genuinely convey your enthusiasm for the field and the subject; sharing your "why" for teaching in an authentic way. If you are comfortable doing so, introduce yourself so that your students know more than your name and contact information (e.g., outside interests, family, academic history, personal experiences). Centering yourself as a whole-human can set the tone for students doing the same. 
Give students an opportunity to meet each other. Ask students to divide themselves into groups of three to five and introduce themselves. Or go around the room and ask all students to respond to one question, such as “What’s the one thing you really want to learn from this course?” or “What aspect of the course seems most appealing to you?”
Invite students to fill out an introduction card. Suggest that they indicate their name, year in school, major field of study, goals in the course, career plans, and so on.
Learn students’ names. By learning and using your students’ names, you can create a comfortable classroom environment that will encourage student interaction. Knowing your students’ names also tells them that you are interested in them as individuals. Did you know 
Divide students into small groups. Give groups a small task, such as a brainstorming exercise, then place responses on the board for discussion and interpretation. These groups can change over time, regardless setting group agreements should be an established practice. CTLI has a student-facing survey library that includes a group agreement form. Learn more on accessing this library here.
Encourage students to actively support one another. Help them connect with at one or two other students in the class whom they can contact about missed classes, homework assignments, study groups and so on. You might also use the learning management system to create an online discussion forum where students can respond to each other's queries.  

THROUGHOUT THE TERM

Let students know that they are not faces in an anonymous audience. In large courses, students often think that their classroom behaviour (eating, talking, sleeping, arriving late, etc.) goes unnoticed. Remind students that you and their classmates are aware of -- and affected by -- their behaviour. 
If your class has extra seating space, ask students to refrain from sitting in certain rows of the classroom. For example, if you teach in a room that has rowed seating, ask students to sit in rows 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8 and so on so that you can walk through the audience where there is an empty row.
Recognize students’ extracurricular accomplishments. Read your campus newspaper, scan the dean’s list, pay attention to undergraduate awards and honours, and let students know that you are aware of their achievements.
Listen to students with warmth and respect. Give them your full attention. Be personable and approachable – remember the positive power of a smile.
Validate all comments and questions, even those that might seem irrelevant.
Welcome criticism and receive it with an open mind. Model for your students how you would like them to reflect on the feedback that you will be providing to them. 
When you don’t know something, ask your students for help. For example, during class, ask someone with a laptop to do a Google search for a fact or piece of information that pertains to class discussion. 
Be inclusive. Use gender-inclusive language and when giving examples make them culturally diverse.
Capitalize on outside events or situations, as appropriate. Relate major world events or events on campus both to your class and to the fabric of your students’ lives outside the classroom.
Arrive early and chat with students. Ask how the course is going. Are they enjoying the readings? Is there anything they want you to include in lectures?
Seek out students who are doing poorly in the course. Write “See me during my office hours” on all exams graded C- or below to provide individualized feedback.
Acknowledge students who are doing well in the course. Write “Good job! See me after class” on all exams graded A- or above. Take a moment after class to compliment students who are excelling.
Schedule topics for office hours. If students are reluctant to come, periodically schedule a “help session” on a particular topic rather than a free-form office hour.
Talk about questions students have asked in previous terms. Mention specific questions former students have asked and explain why they were excellent questions. This lets students know that you take their questions seriously and that their questions will contribute to the course in the future.
When feasible, give students a choice in the type of assignments they can do. For example, rather than assigning a traditional essay, give them the option of making a podcast, analysing a case study, giving a poster presentation, and so on. 
Consider providing options for how the final grade will be calculated. For example,  individual students can decide that the midterm will be worth 25% and a major project worth 35% -- or vice versa. 
Listen attentively to all questions and answer them directly. If you will cover the answer during the remainder of the lecture, acknowledge the aptness of the question, ask the student to remember it, and answer the question directly when you arrive at that subject.
Try to empathize with beginners. Remember that not all of your students are as highly motivated and interested in the discipline as you were when you were a student. Slow down when explaining complex ideas, and acknowledge the difficulty and importance of certain concepts or operations. Try to recall your first encounter with a concept – what examples, strategies, or techniques clarified it for you? 
When a student seems disgruntled with some aspect of the course, approach him or her in a supportive way and discuss the feelings, experiences, and perceptions that are contributing to the issue.
Celebrate student or class accomplishments. Instigate a round of applause, give congratulations, share cookies! 

Thank you to colleagues in university educator development at the Derek Bok Center for Teaching and Learning at Harvard University, the Center for Teaching Excellence at the University of Waterloo, and others for their materials that informed or were adapted into this resource. 
Resources

Eble, K. E. (1988). The Craft of Teaching: A Guide to Mastering the Profession and Art. 2nd Edition. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
Forsyth, D. R, & McMillan, J. H. (1991). Practical Proposals for Motivating Students. In Menges, R. J., & Svinicki, M. D., eds. College Teaching: From Theory to Practice. New Directions in Teaching and Learning, No.45. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers, p.53-65.
Gross Davis, B. (2009). Tools for Teaching, 2nd Edition. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
Ralph, E. G. (1998). Motivating Teaching in Higher Education: A Manual for Faculty Development. Stillwater, Oklahoma: New Forums Press, Inc.
Wlodkowski, R. J. (1978). Motivation and Teaching: A Practical Guide. Washington, D.C.: National Education Association.
Fostering Student Morale and Confidence. Centre for Teaching Excellence, University of Waterloo

Photo by Towfiqu barbhuiya on Unsplash

Topic Area: DEI
Presented By: Nicole McCleese
Abstract:
In 2020 feminists have theorized the pandemic in two public feminism examples of note. First, in an MLA webinar, “Medicine, Narrative, Pandemic, Power,” where Paula Krebs facilitated a discussion between Rita Charon and Aakritii Pandita about narrative medicine as an anti-racist praxis for recalibrating the power relationship between minority patient and doctor. They discussed current impediments to health disparities, and Charon stressed the importance in graduate school humanities education and medical students training in Narrative Medicine and Social Medicine for interdisciplinary events to changing health disparities. Similarly, the feminist theory journal, Signs, responded with “COVID-19 and the Language of Racism.” As an Adams Academy Fellow and NICE Fellow in 2020, I responded to health disparities concerns through the lens of black feminist scholarship on health studies to develop an upper-level feminist theory course in literary studies using crip methods for literary and cultural analysis, “Crip Narrative Medicine.” Course modules include: “Revisiting Charon’s Narrative Medicine with Crip Theory in COVID-19,” “Bodies in Short Fiction Crip Theory,” “Dementia and Supercip Narratives,” “Embodying NYC and Detroit” and “Crip Indigeneity.” This informative panel, positioned at the intersections of anti-ableist and anti-racist pedagogy, features inclusive English undergraduate student presentations as part of an interdisciplinary public feminism course project on “Black, Feminist, Queer, Crip Narrative Medicine.” By bringing together black feminist scholarship on medicine and disability, through the course learning objective on crip methodologies, students will share research on new media, film, literature, and critical theory.

Welcome to the Podcast Production module, where you'll learn to craft compelling audio content that captivates and inspires. From scripting and recording to editing and distribution, podcast production is a multifaceted endeavor that requires careful planning and execution. In this module, you'll delve into the world of podcasting, exploring the technical and creative aspects of producing high-quality audio content that resonates with your audience.
What You'll Learn:

Brainstorming and Scripting: Every great podcast starts with a killer idea and a well-crafted script. Learn how to brainstorm topics, develop engaging content, and write scripts that keep your audience hooked from start to finish. Uncover tips for finding your unique voice and crafting narratives that resonate with listeners.
Recording and Editing: Once you've got your script locked in, it's time to hit the record button! Discover techniques for recording high-quality audio, from microphone placement to minimizing background noise. Then, dive into the world of editing and post-production, where you'll learn to polish your recordings, add music and sound effects, and create a professional-sounding podcast that stands out from the crowd.
Distribution and Promotion: Congratulations – you've created your podcast! Now it's time to share it with the world. Learn how to distribute your podcast across various platforms, from iTunes and Spotify to Stitcher and Google Podcasts. We'll also cover strategies for promoting your podcast, building a loyal audience, and growing your listener base over time.

Why It Matters:
Podcasting is more than just a hobby – it's a powerful medium for storytelling, education, and entertainment. Whether you're sharing your expertise, interviewing fascinating guests, or exploring niche topics, podcasting allows you to connect with listeners on a personal level and build a community around your content. By mastering the art of podcast production, you'll have the tools and skills to create audio experiences that inspire, inform, and entertain audiences around the world.
Ready to Get Started?
Whether you're a seasoned podcaster or brand new to the world of audio production, the Podcast Production module in our HushPod Recording Studio has something for everyone. So grab your headphones, fire up your recording software, and let's embark on this exciting journey together. Get ready to unleash your creativity and share your voice with the world through the power of podcasting!
--> Module 6: Advanced Software and Hardware Components

As we contemplate re-entering the classroom, we are likely still grappling with our own reactions to this tragic event. At the same time, many of us are wondering how best to support students experiencing grief, trauma, and fear in the aftermath of violence. There is no perfect way to teach during a crisis, but it is important to explicitly acknowledge what has happened and adjust your teaching accordingly. How you adjust will depend on your relationships to students, the size and nature of your class, and the types of interventions you feel equipped to make. These might range from a simple moment of silence and a reduced workload to a more structured debrief and discussion. Specific pointers for such debriefs are offered by trauma therapist Carolyn Schuyler (LCSW, UVA Visiting Scholar) below, along with general strategies for signalizing compassion and care that are relevant for all of us.




While it is necessary to acknowledge the tragic gun violence and the devastating loss of classmates and to create space for connecting with the emotions and needs of students, we recognize not everyone feels equipped for this work or is inclined to go there for a variety of reasons. We hope this information provides enough suggestions to help you arrive at an approach that works for you.
To guide your decisions, consider asking for quick feedback from your students. Being prepared to meet students where they are is worth the time and thought. Points to consider:

In times of turmoil, predictability and structure are vitally important. Students will benefit from the structure and predictability you provide.
Sharing feelings and discussing the tragic events may be too overwhelming for some students, so it is important to make clear students have choice in how they participate. Opting out is perfectly acceptable. Welcome and invite direct feedback.
It may be wise to send an email to your students to let them know what to expect when they return to class. This Google Folder contains a "Post-crisis student feedback form" is one way to get a read on your students’ needs before sending a proposed class agenda. You may make clear that the plan is subject to change based on the evolving input and needs of the class.

This document outlines how you can make a copy of the form and customize for your setting. 
please make sure you are logged into your MSU google drive to access.


You may be concerned students will be overwhelmed if every class includes processing, but it is better to err on the side of providing support than to overlook student needs. This is such a significant event. It is important to acknowledge the event at minimum even if others will do the same.

Below you will find a suggestion for the first class back and a list of alternative approaches for acknowledging the tragic event. All suggestions may be adapted for office hour meetings or for classes.
First Class Back: Normalize Feelings
It is natural to experience a wide range of fluctuating emotions in response to the events of the last few days. Some students may present as highly emotional and distressed, while others may appear shut down and numb. Many will question why they are not feeling strong emotion at all. Normalizing all reactions paves the way for open sharing and the healing power of community.
In greeting students when they come back to class, you might begin by naming and honoring those students lost by stating their names slowly with reverence.
"In honor of the beloved students we lost on Monday, I would like to take a moment to say their names. Please join me in honoring them and their loved ones. Brian Fraser, Alexandria Verner, Arielle Anderson" (Read the names slowly or invite a student to do so.)
After allowing for a moment of silence, briefly share how you have been processing the news. This gives permission for the students to reflect on their own experiences and shows that you have their needs in mind.
"I have been holding all of you in my thoughts in the last few days. I notice that I have deep concern about the rise of gun violence and its cost for your generation, and I find myself reflecting on how it may be impacting your worldview."
Secondly, take a moment to validate and normalize feelings. Make explicit your understanding of the wide range of reactions students may be experiencing.
"Whatever you are feeling, you can be sure you are not alone in that experience. There are others who are traveling this path right along with you. We can expect a range of reactions from outrage to anxiety to numbness. You may feel a wide range of feelings at different points and in different contexts. To process this experience, it is vital to connect with others and seek support as needed."
After this introduction, you may give the students the option for a 1) quiet moment of reflection or 2) time to journal for five minutes. Suggest a clear prompt such as: "I am _____."  This sentence stem gives permission to go in any direction while centering the writing on the self.
Following the reflection time or journal writing, ask a few volunteers to read excerpts of their work or to share their thoughts. In large classes, you may invite students to share with a partner. Ask that comments not be made after reading or listening to each other, but rather suggest that gratitude be expressed for the opportunity to connect. 
"Thank you for the gift of your words."
To wrap up the experience, speak to the power of sharing our stories to build strong networks of social support. Mention your hope that students will continue to share deeply with each other.
"Our ability to speak to our experience connects us in meaningful ways. Knowing and caring for each other is what makes healing possible."
Our job is simple but profound. It is to be present with what students are experiencing with genuine openness, concern, and curiosity. To do this, we may take a moment to ground ourselves and set an intention to be relaxed and open in our demeanor. There is deep cultural conditioning to try to move away from distress, but it is the ability to stay with feelings without judgment or agenda that offers the strongest emotional support.
To do this work, it is vital to have had the space and time to honor and attend to your own needs. Have you had the time to have your own voice heard?  Have you given yourself the rest, nourishment, and space for the internal reflection you need in order to be present for others?
Additional Ways to Support Students
The shared purpose of all the strategies below is to honor the students’ emotional experience, provide a holding space for connecting on a deep level, and invite hope for moving forward. Gestures of connection and care restore a sense of safety and allow for a renewed sense of community to emerge.
Offer nurturance. Often the first step in assisting people in crisis is to offer a blanket, some water, and food to eat. While this is not the response called for in our circumstance, the ability to offer gestures of support and care for one another is essential. You might bring tea or coffee to class, flowers to share with each student, or an invitation for a meal at your home. Once the basic need for nurturance is met, healing truly begins. If none of these concrete suggestions fit, consider taking a moment to directly express you care for the students.
"I want to take a moment to say to you directly that I care deeply about what you have experienced since Monday evening. I have found myself imagining what your days have been like with a hope that you are finding the kindness, gentleness, and care we all need right now.  I am hoping that you can feel this from me even though we don’t have adequate space and time to do all that is truly called for in this circumstance."
Name the feelings. Ask students to call out the feeling words and phrases that match their experience of the last few days. 
“I want to honor each one of you and the experiences you have had in the last few days. To do that, I am going to ask you to share words or short phrases (popcorn style) that capture your feelings. Likely, you have had a wide range of emotional reactions, and I invite you to name them in all their complexity. I will be recording the words without comment on the white board*. I ask that we speak and listen to the words with a spirit of reverence for our shared humanity, recognizing the broad range of histories and experiences that inform our reactions. Once the words and phrases are up, we will take a moment of silence to acknowledge our variety of experience.”*In virtual spaces, a similar outcome can be acheived by using a chat water fall (prompting participants to share their words in the chat at the same time [countt down]) and pulling responses into a word cloud to visualize. 
When the brainstorm is complete, validate the full range of human emotions that arise in times of tragedy. If the words and phrases shared do not capture a full range of emotion, you may mention to students some of the internal experiences that are expected in times of distress.
"I’d like to share with you some of the additional experiences you may notice in yourself and your friends. It is expected that you may have difficulty concentrating. You may experience waves of anger, sadness, fear, and anxiety. Some of you may notice a strong sense of compassion and tenderness and a desire to connect with others to honor the deceased or make your voice heard by lawmakers. At times, you may also notice a sense of disorientation and unease given the violent disruption of life on our campus. You may also notice painful associations from earlier in your life. Some of you may feel a need to 'move on' or a sense of unease with the feeling that violence has become expected and, in some ways, normalized."
To transition the conversation, take a moment to acknowledge their willingness to share.
"I want to thank you for your willingness to share the truth of your experience. I am now inviting all of us to take two minutes in silence to honor one another, the larger community, and those most impacted by the tragic loss on Monday. If you would like to reflect in writing, drawing, or movement, please feel free to do that."
If it feels right, you may move towards brainstorming ways of coping that promote mental wellness. 
"There is wisdom in this room. This is not the first hardship you have faced, although it may feel very different. Many of you have found ways of coping and even thriving through challenging times. I want to invite a period of sharing concrete mindsets and strategies that are in your toolboxes or that you feel the need to create now. I will record the ideas on the white board. You’ll be invited to take a picture of the white board for further reflection. Sometimes we need a chance to reflect on unhelpful approaches that we want to discontinue and space to consider new strategies. I hope this time will give you that opportunity."
Again, thank the students.
Affirm community. Ask students how they want to affirm community at MSU in the days ahead.
"At some point in our processing of the events of the last few days, we may start to wonder what we can actually do that will be meaningful and genuinely helpful. Without a doubt, cultivating a strong sense of community is powerfully important. We are social beings and healing happens together, never alone. I want to invite you to reflect on what you believe builds community in your own life and on campus. Please find two other classmates to spend five minutes discussing what builds connectedness in this time and beyond. For example, you might point to the importance of slowing down to greet people when walking or having longer, leisurely meals with friends to intentionally check in with each other. You may have larger ideas having to do, for example, with how spaces are configured or how information is communicated. Once we have had time to talk in small groups, we will reconvene for idea sharing."
Please note: You may broaden this discussion to suggest reflection on actions on a societal level. This will open discourse on our political climate, on race, and other critical issues that students may have a pressing need to discuss. If you go this direction, it is critical to set ground rules (Agreements for Multicultural Interactions) or review already established expectations for difficult conversations.
Seek connection. Ask students to interview each other about works of art and literature (books, paintings, poems, music, and films) that have helped them in hard times before.
"Artists, musicians, writers, and poets have always been guides and supports in deepening our understanding of what it means to be human, particularly in times of suffering.  As a means of coming together as a class today, I would like to invite you to gather in groups of three to discuss the art and literature that has been most nourishing to you. Please reflect on what it may mean to you now. To set the stage, I would like to briefly share with you (a piece of music, a painting, a short reading) that has been meaningful to me. I hope it will be of support to you as well."
Encourage students to plan times outside of class to share these sources of meaning and inspiration with each other. Remind them of the power of nature on campus to offer solace.
"Thank you for taking the time to share with each other the power of your experiences with art and literature. I encourage you to continue having these discussions and invite you to seek out new sources of beauty, wisdom, and understanding. The natural world on our campus, like a piece of art, may serve as a source of solace and strength as well. I hope you will have time to linger in spaces you enjoy."
Thank you again for your thoughtful work preparing to meet with students. As is often the case, your presence and genuine concern will be what the students remember, rather than the actual words spoken. Gratitude to our colleagues at UVA Center for Teaching Excellence for sharing the foundations of this resource. 

Photo by NeONBRAND on Unsplash
 
Your first day of class is almost here! Are you excited? Anxious? Whether it’s your very first time teaching ever, you’re teaching a new course, or you’re just starting a new semester, beginning a class for the first time can be nerve wracking. To get us all ready for that first day, we asked educators to share practical tips about how they handle a new semester. Here is a compilation from their years of teaching experience.
1) Be prepared!
In teaching, confidence is key. While it can be nerve wrecking, displaying confidence will show students you are up to the task and ready for the new semester. Check out the room in advance and familiarize yourself with its resources. Test out any technology you want to use beforehand. There’s nothing worse than finding out something doesn’t work on that first day. Knowing those details are set can help free you up to relax, focus on your teaching, and exude the confidence that students respond to.
2) Practice, practice, practice
Practice makes perfect. If you are nervous about teaching a new class for the first time, make sure you practice your lesson in front of a mirror, with a partner, or with a peer a few times. It will help build your confidence in the material and sequence of your lesson, anticipate any areas of potential challenges that might come up, and adjust in ways that will set you and students up for success.
3) Dress for success
Although different schools and institutions will have varying dress codes, and individuals have different stylistic choices, make sure that you know your instructor of record and/or supervisor’s expectations before school starts.
4) Rehearse your power pose
Body language can be important in teaching. Some research has even shown that power-posing reduces anxiety and boosts confidence. One suggestion is to stand tall with your chest out and your hands on your hips.
5) Show your enthusiasm
Students pick up on your excitement (or lack thereof) about teaching their class. If you’re thrilled about the material, there’s a better chance they will be too. Communicate your enthusiasm by sharing personal stories, anecdotes or artifacts about the topic at hand.
6) Always bring water
It’s easy to forget about some of our practical needs when we teach. Having a bottle of water can sometimes be a lifesaver, especially after teaching for a long time or when feeling nervous.
7) Connect with students
Make sure to engage with your students, learn their names, let them introduce themselves to you and to one another, and create opportunities for them to share about what matters to them outside the classroom and connected to the disciplinary questions your class will support them in addressing. These steps will help you connect with students and build community.
8) Expect the Unexpected
Sometimes, even though we’re ready and have planned our lesson plan by the minute, things can go wrong. A projector doesn’t turn on, you have more students than syllabi, students are late, etc… Be ready for anything and everything. Stay positive and confident. That’s the beauty of teaching!
9) Don’t feel discouraged
After your first day of class, you may feel discouraged if things didn’t go as planned, or if you felt like you didn’t get the reaction you expected from your students. Just remember that they are also starting the semester and may have a lot to manage at the same time. Think about both the positive aspects of the day and reflect about the things you could improve.
10) And remember, students enjoy a little change!
If and when you feel it is appropriate to change things up in your class, engage with elements of popular culture, and mix up the materials you use to support learning, try anecdotes, gifs (animated images) or memes (images with words) to also communicate ideas. A little (suitable) popular connection, new content, and humor can help students engage differently. 
*note: distancing and other precautions required during the COVID19 pandemic may influence how some of these tips look in your face-to-face/hybrid classes, but remember even if you're teaching 100% online- these tips still ring true!